Term
| 3 most common outpatient conditions |
|
Definition
| Low Back Pain Cervical Neck Pain Shoulder |
|
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Term
|
Definition
support weight of head
maintain upright posture
protect spinal cord
shock absorption
site of muscle attachments |
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|
Term
Describe:
Cervical Curve
Thoracic Curve
Lumbar Curve |
|
Definition
Secondary
primary
secondary |
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|
Term
Cervical Anatomy
How many;
vertebrae
discs
pairs of nerves |
|
Definition
7 vertebrae
6 discs
8 pairs of nerves |
|
|
Term
Thoracic anatomy
how many
vertebrae
pairs of nerves |
|
Definition
12 vertebrae
5 pairs of nerves |
|
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Term
| Name nerve between C5 and C6 |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name nerve between C7 and T1 |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name nerve between T8 and T9 |
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Definition
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|
Term
Lumber anatomy
how many vertebrae
nerve pairs |
|
Definition
| 5 vertebrae and 5 pairs of nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
Sacram is how many fused vertebrae
how many nerve pairs |
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Definition
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|
Term
Coccyx is how many fused verebrae
how many nerve pairs |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
Thoraclumbar junction
Importance |
|
Definition
T11-L1
spinal curvature changes from kyphosis to lordosis
Facet joints change from coronal to sagital |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| two adjacent vertebrae and disc |
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|
Term
| How many joints in a motion segment |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inside: Trabecular bone aka cancellous bone which is spongy bone
Outside: Cortical bone aka compact |
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Term
|
Definition
| top and bottom that touches the disc |
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Term
|
Definition
| initial segment leaving the CNS |
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Term
|
Definition
made by 2 adj vertebra, their pillars of arch. Where the nerve root exits
Foramen is the sagittal plane |
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Term
| Zygapophyseal Joint or Z Joint |
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Definition
| a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment. |
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Term
| What type of join is a facet joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
facet joint orientation in:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar |
|
Definition
Atlas/Axis=Transverse
C3-C7=Oblique plane
Thoracic=Frontal
Lumbar=Sagittal |
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Term
| Anterior Longitudinal Ligament |
|
Definition
From occiput to sacrum
firmly attached |
|
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Term
| Posterior Longitudinal Ligament |
|
Definition
from occiput to sacrum
NOT firmly attached |
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Term
| Ligamentum flavum Ligament |
|
Definition
connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae,
largest amount of elastic fibers
assists with spinal ext. from flexion |
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Term
|
Definition
connect adjoining spinous processes
Helps resist flexion |
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Term
|
Definition
| a strong fibrous cord, which connects together the apices of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum; at the points of attachment to the tips of the spinous processes fibrocartilage is developed in the ligament |
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|
Term
|
Definition
tough outer ligament covering of the intervertebral disc
55% collaten, 20% proteoglycans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"jelly like Center"
20-30% collagen
remnant of notochord
distributes load |
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Term
|
Definition
| Degenerative Disc Disease |
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|
Term
|
Definition
annulus fibrosis allows nucleaus to bulge out
usually posteiorly or post-lateral |
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Term
|
Definition
| herniation with annular tear |
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Term
| Global Superficial Musculature |
|
Definition
Absent feed forward activation
Large
Responsible for movement
Abs, Lats, Rhomboids, Traps
Splenius(C-spine only from Post Prim Ramus)
erector spinae (post ramus) Iliocostalis, Longissiums, spinalis(t-spine only) |
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|
Term
| Local (intrinsic muscles) |
|
Definition
small or thin
feed-forward
Dysfunction following injury
Transverse Abdominus, Transversospinalis, DNF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"typical"
Transverse dimension greater than AP
Unicinate Process
Uncovertebral joint
short transverse processes
Articular pillar |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| column like structure formed by the articulation of the superior and inferior processes of verebrae |
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Term
|
Definition
upper cervical ligament
connect the sides of the dens (on the axis, or the second cervical vertebra) to tubercles on the medial side of the occipital condyle. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
stretches across the ring of the atlas and divides the vertebral foramen into two unequal parts
the anterior or smaller receiving the odontoid process of the axis
the posterior transmitting the spinal cord |
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Term
| function of atlanto-occipital joint |
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Definition
| allows the head to nod up and down on the vertebral column |
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Term
|
Definition
| The dens acts as a pivot that allows the atlas and attached head to rotate on the axis, side to side |
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Term
| Local/Intrinsic musculature of C-Spine |
|
Definition
Deep Neck flexors: Longus Colli, Longus Capitus
Transversospinals:Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores |
|
|
Term
| Global/Superficial musculature of C-spine |
|
Definition
Global/Superficial:
Scalene, SCM, Spenius capitus and Cervicis, ertector spinae(illiocostalis & longissimus) |
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|
Term
| Sub Occipital Triangle muscles |
|
Definition
Oblique capitis superior
oblique capitis inferior
rectus capitis posterior major |
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|
Term
| sub occipital triangle contents |
|
Definition
vertebral artery
dorsal ramus of C1
suboccipital venous plexus |
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|
Term
| Hyoid Bone is located at about what Vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyroid Cartilage is located at about what Vertebrae |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| 1st cricoid ring is located at about what Vertebrae |
|
Definition
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Term
| Describe Thoracic vertebrae |
|
Definition
Long slender spinous Process
nerve roost exit foramen above level of disc
vertebrae body has reduced height anteriorly
Body and transverse processes have articulation with ribs |
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Term
| common place for osteoporosis and compression fractures in spine |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st rib articulates with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a condition of over-curvature of the thoracic vertebrae
If exceeds 50 degrees considered abnormal |
|
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Term
|
Definition
a form of structural kyphosis, where one or more adjacent vertebrae become wedged
the deformity is sharply angled, with the resulting humpback being more easily seen when bending forward |
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Term
|
Definition
Hyper-kyphosis
extreme curvature of the upper back |
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Term
| A right thoracic scoliosis would present which way convexity |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A left thoracic scoliosis would present which way convexity |
|
Definition
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Term
| Ribs 2-9 articulat with how many ribs each |
|
Definition
2
Superior and inferior transverse process
(costotrasnverse joint) |
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Term
|
Definition
Ribs 1-7
connect directly to sternum |
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Term
|
Definition
Pump Handle
Move up and down
during inspiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bucket Handle
Move up and laterally out
during inspiration |
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Term
| Name all 4 Abdominal quadrants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
point roughly corresponds to the most common location of the base of the appendix where it is attached to the cecum
over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the navel RLQ
painful if possible appendicitis |
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Term
| Describe Lumbar Vertebrae |
|
Definition
Large heavy vertebral bodies
discs increased height anteriorly
movement: flex/ext, rotation, lat. flex |
|
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Term
|
Definition
End of spinal cord
about L1-2 |
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Term
| Local/Intrinsic Lumbar Musculature |
|
Definition
| Transversospinalis(multifidus, rotatores) |
|
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Term
| Global/Superficial Lumbar Musculature |
|
Definition
| Quadratus Lumborum, Rectus abdominus, rectus Obliques, erector spinae(illiocostalis, longissimus), Lats, Thoracolumbar fascia, illiopsoas, glute max |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ant and post nerve roots unite to form a mixed nerve root that leaves the spine through the intervertebral foramen |
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|
Term
| Lumbar HNP between L4 and L5 what is affected |
|
Definition
Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) in the lumbar spine
Most likely Nerve L5 |
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Term
|
Definition
| a set of symptoms including pain that may be caused by general compression or irritation of one of five spinal nerve roots that give rise to each sciatic nerve, or by compression or irritation of the left or right or both sciatic nerves. The pain is felt in the lower back, buttock, or various parts of the leg and foot. In addition to pain, which is sometimes severe, there may be numbness, muscular weakness, pins and needles or tingling and difficulty in moving or controlling the leg. Typically, the symptoms are only felt on one side of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shoulder Elevation(shrug) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aduction of shoulder
(rhomboid, infraspinatus, supraspinatus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Elbow Flexion
(wrist ext, supination) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Elbow Extension
(wrist flex) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thumb Extension
(ulnar deviation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abduction of digit 5
or abduction/adduction of digits 2-5 |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| pad of 2nd and 3rd finger |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hip flexion
(hip adduction) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plantar Flexion and eversion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leg Flexion and Plantar flexion |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| later sup and mid ant thigh |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Lateral calf and lateral foot |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to bone/composed of bone |
|
|
Term
| Type of joint is the elbow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many/what are the articulations of the elbow |
|
Definition
3
humeroulnar
humeroradial
radioulnar |
|
|
Term
| Ulnar collateral ligament attachments |
|
Definition
Thick triangular band
Anterior band runs from medial epicondyle to Coranoid process (strongest)
Posterior band runs from the medial epicondyle to the medial margin of olecranon (Weakest)
Oblique band Deepens socket for trochlea |
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Term
|
Definition
| ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction, is a surgical graft procedure in which a ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with a tendon from elsewhere in the body |
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|
Term
| Degree of freedom of elbow joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what plane does elbow flex/ext occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligament holds radial head in place |
|
Definition
| Annular ligament surround 3/4 of radial head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
covers the elbow joint and the superior radioulnar joint. Weak anteriorly and posterioly
strengthened on sides by collateral ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Radial collateral ligament |
|
Definition
| runs from lateral epicondyle and blends with annular ligament |
|
|
Term
| The elbow is most commonly dislocated in which direction |
|
Definition
| 90% of the time posterioly |
|
|
Term
| A fall onto hands with elbows flexed and cause a dislocations which way |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A fall with a hyperextended elbow would cause a dislocation which way |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a Posterior dislocation of elbow could possibly tear which ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fall onto the elbow with a powerful contraction of the triceps would cause what |
|
Definition
| olecranon fx and avulsion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arms extended in anatomical position. the forearm points laterally away from midline by about 5-15 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decrease in carrying angle
Gunstock deformity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cubitus varus
due to inadequate correction of medial collapse seen in supracondylar fx |
|
|
Term
| Injury from a fall causing severe adduction of extended elbow in children |
|
Definition
| Medial epicondyle avulsion with possible ulnar nerve damage |
|
|
Term
| Injury from repetitive throwing |
|
Definition
Medial epicondyle avulsion with possible ulnar nerve damage
Tommy Johns surgery needed |
|
|
Term
| Elbow Flexors and innervation |
|
Definition
(Musculocutaneous)Brachialis & Biceps Brachii.
(Radial) Bracioradialis( |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Radial Nerve) Triceps and anconeous |
|
|
Term
| Forearm flexors/pronators |
|
Definition
Median Nerve
Pronator teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitroum Profundus, Pronator Quadratus
Ulnar Nerve, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris |
|
|
Term
| Forearm Extensors/supinators |
|
Definition
Radial Nerve
Ext Carpi Radialis Brevis, Ext Digit, Ext Digit Minimi, Ext Carp Uln
Brachioradialis, Ext Carp Radialis Longus, Supinator
Biceps Brachii(Musculocutaneous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medial epicondylitis
overuse of forearm flexors/pronators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Golfer's Elbow
overuse of forearm flexors/pronators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lateral epicondylitis
overuse of forearm extensors (ECRB
repeated flex/ext of wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tennis Elbow
overuse of forearm extensors (ECRB
repeated flex/ext of wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Radial Nerve
Biceps Tendon
Brachial Artery
Median Nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medial(ulnar)=pronator teres
Lateral(radial)=brachioradialis
floor=brachialis/supinator |
|
|
Term
| What is found between triceps tendon and olecranon |
|
Definition
| Subtendinous olecranon bursa |
|
|
Term
| Subtendinous olecranon bursitis |
|
Definition
bursitis on bursa between triceps tendon and olecranon
repetitive flex/ext
more painful when flexed (skin is taut) |
|
|
Term
| what is found between subcutaneous connective tissue over olecranon |
|
Definition
| Subcutaneous olecranon bursa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Subcutaneous olecranon bursitis
due to repeated excessive pressure and friction also wrestlers |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the radioulnar joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe proximal radioulnar joint |
|
Definition
head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna
radial head held in position by annular ligament
allows radius to rotate without stretching or tearing the synovial capsule |
|
|
Term
| Describe distal radioulnar joint |
|
Definition
| articular disc between(triangular ligament) binds ulna and radius |
|
|
Term
| Radius moves on the ulna in which plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Supinator when no resistance (Radial innerve)
Biceps Brachii when resistance (musculo innerv) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pronator teres and quadratus (median innerv) |
|
|
Term
| Common flexor tendon attaches where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common extensor tendon attaches where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dislocation/subluxation of radial head
tears annular ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ulnar fx with dislocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fx of radius with dislocation |
|
|
Term
| Type of joint radiocarpal joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| radial collateral ligament |
|
Definition
| radial styloid process to scaphoid |
|
|
Term
| unlar collateral ligament |
|
Definition
| ulnar styloid process to triquetrium |
|
|
Term
| Fall to outstretched limb with forearm and hand pronated |
|
Definition
Colle's Fracture "dinner fork deformity"
fx of distal end of radius
common in ppl over 50 and women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fall to outstretched limb with forearm and hand pronated
fx of distal end of radius
common in ppl over 50 and women |
|
|
Term
| Posterior displacement of distal radius so the radial styloid process now looks shorter than ulna |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Posterior displacement of distal radius so the radial styloid process now looks shorter than ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fx of radius displaced anterior
common to young men
"garden spade deformity"
fall onto dosal aspect of flexed wrist(reverse colle's fx) |
|
|
Term
| fx of radius displaced anterior |
|
Definition
Smith fx
common to young men
"garden spade deformity"
fall onto dosal aspect of flexed wrist(reverse colle's fx) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fx of radius displaced anterior
common to young men
"garden spade deformity"
fall onto dosal aspect of flexed wrist(reverse colle's fx) |
|
|
Term
| most commonly fx carpal bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fall onto palm when hand is abducted |
|
Definition
Scaphoid fx
can lead to necrosis bc of poor blood supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lunate dislocation
lunate pushed anteriorly towards palmar surface of wrist can compress median nerve in carpal tunnel
can cause necrosis
can oocur with scaphoid fx |
|
|
Term
| Largest Carpal in proximal row |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most commonly dislocated carpal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of joint is the 1st carpometacarpal joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones articulate at the 1st carpometacarpal joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many degrees of freedom at 1st CMJ |
|
Definition
3
rotation
flex/ext
ab/adduction |
|
|
Term
| how many degrees of freedom at the metacapophalangeal joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Metacarpophalangeal joins is which type of joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many degrees of freedom at the interphalangeal joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How many IP Joints
what type of joints are they |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flexed DIP Joints
Hyperextended PIP Joints
can be caused by RA or tearing of volar plate |
|
|
Term
| Mallet or Baseball Finger |
|
Definition
Flexion deformity of DIP joint
caused by hyperflexion of DIP which avulses attachment of tendon into base of distal phalanx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
central portion of ED Tendon avulsed from insertion on base of middle phalanx
flexed PIP join
extended DIP Joint |
|
|
Term
| Injury of hyperabduction of 1st MCP |
|
Definition
Skier's or Gamekeepers thumb
rupture or chronic laxity of 1st MCP Joint |
|
|
Term
| Skier's or Gamekeepers thumb |
|
Definition
Injury of hyperabduction of 1st MCP
rupture or chronic laxity of 1st MCP Joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common metalcarpal fx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Radial border=APL,EPB
Ulnar border=EPL
Floor=scaphoid
contains radial artery |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of tendons or of the tissue surrounding them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thickening of sheath on palmar surface of digit
tendons of FDS and FDP enlarge and can't extend finger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
frixtion between APL and EPB
common overuse of gripping, lifting, side to side motions with hand
pain along thumb side of wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle bellies of APB, FPB, OP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscle bellies of ADM, FDM, ODM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
median nerve injury
compression through pronator teres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| median nerve compression in carpal tunnel |
|
|
Term
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome symptoms |
|
Definition
Unable to flex PIP 1-3, DIP 2-3, MCP 2-3
weakened flexion of PIP 4-5
Loss of thena muscle function |
|
|
Term
| Where can ulnar nerve injuries occur |
|
Definition
post to medial epicondyl
cuboital tunnel
Guyons canal
hook of hamate(cyclist's palsy) |
|
|
Term
| Where can radial nerve injuries occur |
|
Definition
compression in axillary region
humeral fx near spiral groove |
|
|
Term
| Motor deficits of ulnar nerve injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| motor deficits of radial nerve injury |
|
Definition
Wrist drop (loss of wrist ext)
loss of MCP ext
weak digit ext
weak elbow flexion midway between pronation and supination (bracioradialis/supinator) |
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|
