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Clinical Anatomy
Abnormalities/ Diseases
57
Anatomy
Professional
10/25/2011

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Cards

Term
Klippel-Feil Syndrome
Definition
short neck, restricted neck movement and a low hairline; fewer cervical vertebrae; small nerve roots and intervertebral foramina
Term
Hemivertebra
Definition
1 or 2 vertebral ossification; scoliosis;
Term
Craniosynostosis
Definition
premature closure of skull sutures
Term
Scaphocephaly
Definition
premature sagittal suture closure; long narrow head
Term
Oxycephaly
Definition
premature closure of coronal and lambdoid sutures; high and conically-shaped skull
Term
Plagiocephaly
Definition
premature closure of coronal and lambdoidal suture on one side resulting in an oblique deformity of skull
Term
Microcephaly
Definition
normal or slightly smaller calvaria at birth; defective brain and spinal cord development; volume less than 1350
Term
Basilar invagination
Definition
superior displacement of bone around foramen magnum
Term
Acrania
Definition
calvaria does not form
Term
Achondroplasia
Definition
autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes dwarfism
Term
Syndactyly
Definition
webbed or fused digits
Term
Thalidomide
Definition
teratogen; amelia, meromelia, or lesser limb defectts
Term
Amelia
Definition
absence of limbs (4th week)
Term
Meromelia
Definition
part of a limb is missing (5th week)
Term
Brachydactyly
Definition
reduction in length of phalanges; usually associated with shortness of stature
Term
Polydactyly
Definition
dominant trait; extra digit
Term
Congenital clubfoot
Definition
prevents proper weight bearing
Term
Talipes equinovarus
Definition
clubfoot; sole of foot is turned medially and the foot is inverted
Term
Congenital dislocation of hip
Definition
abnomal development of acetabulum; common after breech deliveries; joint laxity
Term
Poland syndrome
Definition
absence of pectoralis major muscle and syndactyly
Term
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Definition
stiffness of joints due to hypoplasia of associated muscles
Term
Congenital torticolis
Definition
wryneck; sternocleidomastoid muscle shortened and fibrotic; sometimes caused by injury during delivery
Term
Spina bifida occulta
Definition
L5 or S1 lamina does not fuse or develop; no back problems
Term
Spina bifida cystica
Definition
vertebral arches do not develop; cyst sac forms; may cause meningocele
Term
Meningomyelocele
Definition
spinal cord and meninges herniate
Term
Spondylolisthesis
Definition
forward movement of lumbar vertebrae; caused by the pars interarticularis
Term
Lumbar Tap
Definition
L3/L4 or L4/L5; remove CSF; Enter dural sac
Term
Epidural
Definition
anesthesia; only into epidural space; pain and sensation lost
Term
Stenoisis
Definition
narrowing of spinal canal; can cause sciatic pain; laminectomy is treatment
Term
Dislocation
Definition
cervical 4/5 or 5/6
Term
Spondylolysis
Definition
defect in the pars interarticularis; majority in L5
Term
Compression fracture
Definition
excessive flexion; crushed vertebral body, crushed anteriorly
Term
Burst fracture
Definition
vertebral body is crushed in all directions; margins of body spread several directions; can injure spinal cord and bony fragments; acute conus medullaris - cauda equina syndrome
Term
Jefferson's fracture
Definition
excessive vertical force on a straight neck; atlas broken; lateral masses displaced
Term
Hangman's fracture
Definition
severe extension; fracture of the dens
Term
Herniated lumbar disc
Definition
intervertebral disc, causes sciatica; usually in posterolateral direction towards intervertebral foramen
Term
Spiral fracture of humeral shaft
Definition
Can damage radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
Term
Complete avulsion of medial epicondyle
Definition
damage to ulnar nerve; funny bone
Term
Fracture of the olecranon
Definition
damage to ulna, elbow joint, and soft tissue; triceps pulls and separates the bone
Term
Fracture of Radial Head
Definition
3 types of fractures; crack, displaced large piece; more than three pieces
Term
Fracture of Forearm
Definition
Proximal: pronator pulls broken radius; Distal: Colles fractures
Term
Comminuted
Definition
broken into several small pieces
Term
Fracture of Ulna
Definition
Nightstick fracture
Term
Fracture of scaphoid
Definition
misdiagnosed as a sprained wrist; supplied by the radial artery
Term
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Definition
C5 and C6; excessive increased angle between neck and shoulder; effects suprascapular, subclavius, axillary, musculocutaneous, median, and pectoral nerves; WAITERS TIP position
Term
Klumpke palsy
Definition
C8 and T1 (sometimes C7); excessive abduction of arm; ulnar and median nerves; clawhand
Term
Axiallary nerve damage
Definition
improperly adjusted crutch in armpit; paralysis of deltoid and teres minor; abduction is impaired
Term
Radial Nerve injury
Definition
fracture of midhumerus or crutch in armpit; inability to extend elbow, wrist and fingers; WRIST DROP
Term
Median nerve injury
Definition
loss of pronation and decrease in flexion of hand and wrist; stab wound proximal to flexor retinaculum or supracondylar fracture
Term
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Definition
synovial sheaths becoming thickened or arthritic changes in carpal bones; compression of median nerve; loss of sensation of thumb and lateral 2.5 fingers
Term
Ulnar nerve injury
Definition
medial epicondyle damage or slash to wrist; inability to abduct or adduct fingers; thumb cannot be adducted; fexion of wrist hand becomes abducted
Term
Musculocutaneous Nerve Injury
Definition
weakend flexion of shoulder and elbow and supination of the radioulnar joint; sensory deficit in lateral forearm
Term
Isoretinoin
Definition
Accutane, retinoic acid; brain is most severely affected
Term
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Definition
child born with physical, developmental and functional problems
Term
Diabetes Mellitus Type I
Definition
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin
Term
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Definition
tissue wide insulin resistance; can lead to loss of beta cell function
Term
Hip fracture
Definition
most occur at the femoral neck or the intertrochanteric region
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