Term
| which is the most important layer than must be opposed when closing a paramedian midline incision? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most important structure to close in a midline incision? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is an incision opening into the abdomen called? |
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Definition
| laparotomy or celiotomy incision |
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Term
| name the structures that can be visualized thru a xiphoid to pubic laparotomy incision without manipulation, and give their locations |
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Definition
cranial; falciform ligament
middle; greater omentum, possibly tail of spleen
caudal; bladder |
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Term
| what abdominal structures can be used to orient abdominal organ locations in your mind during surgery? |
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Definition
descending duodenum; right side
mind; cecum: surgery, find (blind ended), then locate other parts of the intestine in relationship to it |
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Term
| how are abdominal gutters visualized? |
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Definition
| pull the duodenum and mesoduodenum or colon and mesocolon medially, packing off the rest of the viscera, to see the right or left gutters |
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Term
| how would you locate a bleeding ovarian stump during a spay? |
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Definition
| pull the descending duodenum or descending colon and their respective mesentery medially and look in the abdominal gutter caudal to the kidney |
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Term
| what must be ligated when doing and OVH or spay? |
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Definition
| ovarian and uterine arteries |
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Term
| how is the ovary moved into the abdominal incision during a spay? |
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Definition
| strum the suspensory ligament until it breaks |
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Term
| how does the conformation of the bitch's genital tract affect how artificially inseminating or speculum exam is performed? |
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Definition
| ventral slope of the caudal repro tract = canula or speculum passed dorsally against the dorsal/caudal wall of the vestibule (instrument tip will be seen pushing the skin of the peritoneum), by passing the clitoral fossa and external urethral orifice; then over the pelvic symphysis and parallel to the symphysis to the opening of the cervix but not into the fornix of the vagina! |
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Term
| what may be mistaken for the opening of the cervic during AI? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many castration incisions are usually made in the dog? where and why? |
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Definition
one
cranial to the scrotum, to minimize irritation and swelling of the scrotum |
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Term
| what is failure of the testicle to enter the scrotum? |
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Definition
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Term
| when do the testicles descend in carnivores? |
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Definition
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Term
| define "open" and "closed" castration referred to as applied to castration? |
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Definition
closed = spermatic cord ligated before the parietal vaginal tunic cut
opened = parietal vaginal tunic cut before spermatic cord ligated |
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Term
| what type of castration would you perform, open or closed, if the environment was not sterile? why? |
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Definition
open, so if infection gets in, it can drain out.
if closed, an infection will remain in the abdomen (always possibility of infection) |
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Term
| define phimosis and paraphimosis |
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Definition
stenotic (constricted) prepuce in both, phimosis: can't protrude penis
paraphimosis: protruded penis that cannot retract
memory aid: long word - long penis
short word - short penis |
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Term
| where do calculi/concretion usually lodge to obstruct the urethra in the dog? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is FUS, feline urolithiasis, "plugged tomcat" syndrome? |
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Definition
| calculi blocking the urethra, common emergency in the tomcat. must be unblocked and urine allowed to escape or death. |
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