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| Early explorer Portugal; explored African Coast |
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| Early explorer, Portugal, 1488 - Tip of Africa |
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| Early explorer, Portugal, 1498 - India |
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| Spain, 1492 - West Indies |
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| Florentine for whom America was so named |
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| Spanish Conquistador - Aztecs |
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| Spanish Conquistador - Incas |
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| Spanish Conquistador - Crossed Panama to Pacific |
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| Spanish Conquistador - Circumnavigated the world |
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| Spanish Conquistador - Florida |
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| Spanish Conquistador -St. Augustine 1565 |
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| Fought off Spanish Armada (1588) |
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| Newfoundland Charter failure |
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1607 - first colony
Chartered from 1606-1624
Chartered by King James I
John Smith, Powhatan, and John Rolfe
Indentured servants and Headrights |
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| First General Assembly of Virginia |
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| 1619 - governor, councilors, and burgesses |
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1620 - Separatists
Mayflower Contract
Harsh winter
Pkanoket Indians & Squanto
William Bradford wrote the history
Political decisions with town meetings and later elected assemblies |
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| Early American Puritanism |
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| Based on Calvinist doctrines of Predestination and Good Works |
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| 1629-40 - Migration of 50k to Massachusetts, granted by King Charles I |
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| Self-governing, held court for freemen church members; democratic roots |
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Advocated separation of church and state
Banished 1638, founded Rhode Island |
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Emphasized God's gift through direct contact with divine
Banished 1639, moved to Rhode Island |
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Migrated to Connecticut Valley
1639 - Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
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| Showed decline for Puritan enthusiasm; allowed partial membership in congregation (1662) |
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| First president of New England Confederation (1643) |
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First Dutch - Henry Hudson (1609) and Peter Minuit
1664 -English - King Charles II gave it to his brother James, Duke of York |
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1664 - Land between Hudson River and Delaware River to noble proprietors
1702 - East and West Jersey merge |
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| Founded by William Penn for Quakers |
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| First part of Penn's grant, but separated during American Revolution |
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1634 - royal propriety charter to Lord Baltimore
Haven for Roman Catholics |
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Divided among 8 of King Charles II's favorites
1729 - Split into North and South Carolina |
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1732 - Founded by James Oglethorpe
Last of English colonies
1753 - charter expired, became royal colony |
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1676 - Nathaniel Bacon marched on Jamestown and burnt it down
Tension between aristocrats and frontiersmen |
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| 1686 - Imperial control under James II; charters revoked, assemblies dissolved, and new governor Andros of MA with great power |
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1689 - James II replaced by William and Mary
Reasserted parliamentary power in London but royal control over colonies |
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| British control of colonial imports/exports to achieve a favorable balance of trade |
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| Trade and Navigation Acts |
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| 1651-1673 - Designed to protect England against international competition |
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| 1696 - Dealt with colonial questions about the Imperial Mercantile British system |
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| 1754-1763 French vs. British and Colonies |
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| End of French and Indian War; English secured French territory in North America as well as Spanish Florida |
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| Taxation Controversies 1764-66 |
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1733 - Molasses Act more strictly enforced
1764 - Currency Act and Sugar Act
1765 - Stamp Act
Quartering Act |
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October 1765 NYC
Petition to removed Stamp Act, met by the March 1766 Declaratory Act |
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| 1767 - NY Assembly suspended, taxes and tariffs raised |
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| March 1770 - In response to colonial rebellion. Townshend Acts quickly removed, except Tea Act |
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| Tea taxes reduced to undercut American market, Led to tea parties |
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| March 1774 - English tightening control on Boston and in Massachusetts and Quebec |
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| First Continental Congress |
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| Philadelphia, Sep. 1774 - 55 delegates, 12 colonies; congresses replace royal governments |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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May 1775 - Declaration commissioned
Richard Henry Lee's Resolutions - states ought to be free |
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| 1776 - Thomas Pain's pamphlet for the freedom of states from British authority |
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| Warned British marching on Concord |
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| British general ordered to seize John Hancock and Sam Adams |
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| June 1775 - Americans driven from Charlestown; heavy British losses |
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| April 1775 - British enter Lexington |
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| British foreign mercenaries during the American Revolution |
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| May 1775 - seized by Ethan Allen's Green Mountain Boys |
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| Americans defeated, fled to New Jersey |
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| Washington attacked in Trenton and Princeton |
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| British occupied during Revolutionary War |
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| 1777-78 - Winter for Washington during the war |
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| British general who surrendered to Washington @ Saratoga |
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| Small sea skirmishes raised patriot morale |
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| October 19, 1781 - Washington traps Cornwallis on the Yorktown peninsula, he surrenders |
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Recognized American independence and new borders
British to fulfill Loyalist debts
American Army disbanded |
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| American Revolutionary War |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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| 1775-81 - Declaration of Independence approved, John Dickinson writes first constitution The Articles of Confederation |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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1776 - Written by John Dickinson
1777 - Adopted
1781 - Ratified |
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| Used the Old Northwest to pay national debt |
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| The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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| New territory that eventually added to the states; no slavery; had Bill of Rights |
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| Problems with Confederation |
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Couldn't lay taxes/collect tariffs
Couldn't raise armies
Couldn't regulate interstate commerce
Low authority abroad
Debt, Inflation, disrupted foreign trade |
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Newburghh Conspiracy - 1783
Shay's Rebellion - 1786
Paxton Boys |
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| Sep. 1786 - Hamilton proposes an amended constitution |
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| 1787 - Met to revise Articles of Confederation |
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| James Madison's plan, presented by Edmund Randolph - large states have 2-house power based on population |
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| Proposed by William Paterson - equal representation for all states |
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| Proposed by Roger Sherman - Senate represents all states equally while the House of Representatives has seats based on population |
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| The Three-fifths Compromise |
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| Slaves counted as 3/5s for representation and taxation purposes |
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3-branch system: executive, legislative, and judicial
Elections
Congress "necessary and proper" power
"Checks and balances"
Ratification - 2/3 of states |
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Supported the new constitution
"The Federalist" essays by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay |
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| "Cato", "Brutus", "The Federalist Farmer" - stressed reliance on state/local government |
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| Sep. 1789 - submitted 12 amendments to states |
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| 1791 - prohibits Congress from establishing a religion or from prohibiting the free exercise thereof |
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| Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom |
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