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| is a major ancient Greek city with a very strong army |
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| is a large peninsula and region in southern Greece, the Peninsula that Sparta is located on |
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| is a periphery in Greece containing Athens. In southern Greece, the peninsula that Athens is located on |
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| four sport festivals held in ancient Greece—Olympic, Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian |
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| bronze age civilization and became dominant on island of Crete |
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| a very military strong and dominant city state |
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| largest city and capital of Greece and was very technological up to date. |
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| a ruler of Greece father of Phillip II and Alex the Great |
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| ancient Greek king and GREAT commander of military conquered most of world |
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| had centralized rule; one of the longest and most influential empires in China; wanted to have a rule between strict Qin and the decentralized Zhou |
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| height of legalist rule; During period of warring states; Only few years long; Terra-cotta warriors; Standardized script; Standardized laws, currencies, weights, and measures; Burning of the books; Ended in chaos after Shihuangdi’s death with revolts and many ill |
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empire only lasted has long as his reign; established tradition of centralized imperial rule providing large political organization; demanded burning of books; executed anyone criticizing/ disagreeing with his rule |
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| built around nothern border; built during the Qin empire |
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| means of gaining control; sentenced around 460 scholars residing in the capital to be buried alive for criticism; forced many other critics to take up very dangerous posts in the military; forbidden books (books disagreeing with emperors ruling) were burned |
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helped centralized rule return almost immediately after destruction of Qin empire; persistent and methodical planner; first emperor of the Han dynasty |
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greatest foreign challenge Emperor Han Wudi faced; nomadic people from steppes of central Asia who spoke a Turkish language; great horsemen learn skills at young age; less sophisticated weaponry than Chinese; source of concern to Han emperors |
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factor for Han dynasty’s success was his long reign; two policies pursued: administrative centralization and imperial expansion; legalist; worked to increase authority and prestige of centra gov; built large bureaucracy to govern empire |
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sericulture (textile production of silk); Expanded from original home in Yellow river valley to most parts of China; especially fine due to advanced sericulture techniques |
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| citizens have a larger role in Rome, counsil and senate are 'elected' by people |
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| representive body, made decisions, and elected counsils |
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| empire after the mauryan empire, not as strong as the mauryan empire, and brought hinduism back into indian culture, chandra gupta I and II were rulers in this dynasty, outside invaders were the Huns, big on trade because of tha land and sea routes and silk roads through Gupta India, after the decline of this empire India split up into small Hindu kingdoms and was not united for a very long time |
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| founder of maurya dynasty, used taxes to control people, paranoid of being assassinated, unified india and continued to move south in efforts of unification, gave up throne to become a budhist priest |
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| rulers of Gupta dynasty, Chandragupta II used trade in the mediterranean more efficiently and productively, had problems with outside invaders called huns, used trade well and to their advantage making India a profitable trade stop route thanks to land and sea routes and the silk road |
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| helped India greatly to gain great wealth and power because of their good resources they could trade a lot of things not found in other countries, connected both east and west thanks to land and sea trade routes, traded ivory, spices, cotton and wheat |
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| dynasty in classical India, founder was Chandragupta, Asoka was another ruler, India was united during this dynasty's first part of ruling |
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| chandragupta's advisor; educated priest who wrote the arthashastra which was the guide to his king and ministers and had laws and customs for common people |
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ruler of the mauryan empire who followed chandragupta started the spread of Buddhism thanks to India's connection in the Silk Roads (Buddhism is still very common in India) used codified law system, military to strengthen empire and religion to control it |
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an ancient capital of Persia now central day Iran served as nerve center of Persian empire consisted of massive columns |
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Present day country where Persian Empires were located; core of persian empire deeply influenced Christian practices in the Roman Empire |
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series of tribes from southern russia who over a period of millenia embarked on a series of migrations from india throughout western Europe Greates legacy was their broad distribution of Indo-European languages all throughout Eurasia |
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administration of vast empires without advanced communication or transportation consists of nomadic peoples more important to be an administrator than a conquerer empire relied on balance of administration concepts of law and justice undertake massive public works: iron metallurgy, slaves, free classes established lines of communication with all parts of the realm improving communications roads facilitated trade which helped to integrate the empire trade linked this empire to other lands |
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name of the three persian rulers notably Darius the Great |
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| Darius's administrative techiniques |
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divides empire up into saprapes (little states) standardized coins, laws, weights, and measures used spies to make sure they were doing what they wanted in his persian empire |
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silk road created this route parts were paved with stone 2,575 km had stations and intervals that provided travelers with foods |
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most important adminstrative technique of Darius allowed people he conquered to be themselves and not have to adapt to his empire, lessened chance of rebellions |
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descendents of Darius (grandson) abandons tolerance and lets persia fall around the time of Greek Revolts |
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| part of turkey; vast plateau between the balck and mediterranean seas |
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King and founder of persia lead revenge against his brother (and the greeks) |
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| first great Persian empire which began under Cryus and reached its peak under Darius |
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a brilliant strategist and inspired leader proved to be brilliant conquerer name about seventy cities he conquered alexandria expanded empire and established himself emperor of Persia wanted people to look at him as not only an emperor but as a god which is how he gained power |
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agents of development when italy underwent rapid political and economic development conquered italy between the 5th and 8th centuries BCE influenced rome .. many roman kings were this |
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replaced monarchy with aristocratic republic |
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members mostly consisted of aristocrats with extensive political experience advised consuls and ratified all major decisions |
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tensions grew so much between them and patricians threatened to secede from Rome and create a rival settlement in order to keep them in roman state they were granted right to elect officials |
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aristocrats and wealthy classes dominated consuls and the senate, and the consul favored this particular class |
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reign of peace brought by augustus to roman empire "Roman Peace" persisted for two and a half centuries |
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favored liberal policies and reform played an active role in roman politics spent large sums of money on public spectacles led an army declared himself roman dictator centralized military and political functions and brought them under his own control launched large scale building projects to employ urban poor assassinated in 44 BCE |
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had 45 years of unopposed rule government was a monarchy disguised as a republic |
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built between 118-125 CE a temple honoring all Roman gods survives as an example of one of Rome's outstanding architecture buildings dome was the largest constructed until the 20th century |
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trying to control the Greeks difficult and ultimatively destructive effort to extend authority to Greek peninsulas rebellious regions of its own empire |
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