Term
| Between which powers was the 1st Punic War fought? |
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Definition
Roman Republic
Ancient Carthage |
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Term
| Where was the 1st Punic War fought? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the key leaders on both sides of the 1st Punic war? |
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Definition
Roman: Appius Claudius Caudex
Carthage: Hanno |
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Term
| Which consul was the first to build a road from Rome to Capua which is still partly in existence today? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the road built from Rome to Capua? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the road from Rome to Capua built? |
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Definition
312 BC
It was needed to help Rome defeat the Samnites |
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Term
| What other engineering feat did Appius Claudius build? |
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Definition
| First aqueduct in Rome called the Aqua Appia |
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Term
| What right was established by the Lex Hortensia? |
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Definition
| All resolutions passed by plebeians became binding on all citizens |
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Term
| When was the Lex Hortensia passed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Laws created by the plebeians are called by what name? |
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Definition
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Term
| After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, into which four dynasties was his empire divided? |
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Definition
Ptolomy: Egypt
Lysimachus: Asia Minor
Antigonus: (Asia Minor) Macedonia and Greece
Seleucid: Persia to India
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Term
| Which two dynasties created from Alexander the Great's empire eventually merged? |
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Definition
| Seleucid and Antigonus: Macedonia-Greece and Asia |
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Term
| Who was the greatest naval power of the Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which people group had settled the city that was the greatest naval power of the Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC? |
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Definition
| Carthaginians originally Phoenecians |
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Term
| What are the dates for the 1st Punic War? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the word "Punic" mean? |
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Definition
| Latin name for Carthaginians. Refers to their Phoenician ancestry. |
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Term
| Which three groups held the territory at the onset of the 1st Punic War? |
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Definition
Mamertines (Italtian mercenaries) sicily next to toe
Rome
Carthage |
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Term
| Why did Rome get involved in the problems on Sicily? |
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Definition
Mamertines appealed to Rome and Carthage to help them against Hiero II, tyrant of Syracuse
The popular assembly accepted the request. |
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Term
| Who commanded the Roman army sent to Sicily in the 1st Punic War? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who commanded the Carthaginian forces during the first Punic War? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Rome prepare to meet the Carthaginian naval forces? |
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Definition
Romans landed at Messnan in 264. Romans defeated Syracusan and Carthaginian forces then marched south and besieged Syracuse.
Syracuse made peace and became a Roman ally. |
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Term
| Which group won the naval battle in the 1st Punic War? |
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Definition
| Roman, using a Corvus (boarding bridge) |
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Term
| As a result of the peace treaty between Carthage and Rome, what three things did Carthage have to do? |
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Definition
Carthage evacuated Sicily and other islands
Carthage returns Roman prisoners of war without ransom
Carthage pays talents to Rome over 10 years
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Term
| What did Sicily become after the 1st Punic War? |
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Definition
| Sicily became a Roman province |
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Term
| What act by Rome caused Carthage to begin building their army forces in Iberia before the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
Where Spain and Portugal are today
Saguntum(Roman diplomatic contacts): there were assassinations of the Carthaginian supporters. |
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Term
| Who led Carthage to build-up forces in Iberia in the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the dates for the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who led the Carthaginian forces during the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did Rome expect Carthage to attack before the 2nd Punic war? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did Carthage actually attack Rome in the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
| Hannibal attacked Italy with elephants over the Alps |
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Term
| With who did Hannibal form an alliance at the beginning of the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Roman general was sent to deal with Hannibal's army in the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
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Term
| What strategy did the Roman general use against Hannibal in the 2nd Punic War? Why? |
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Definition
Fabian strategy
War of attrition and indirection
Disrupt supply and affect morale.
Hannibal had been very successful and the Romans needed to attack strategic vulnerabilities.
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Term
| After a huge Roman defeat, which three groups allied with Carthage during the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
Philip 5th of Macedon
Sicily
various provinces in Italy |
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Term
| What happened to the Roman farmland during Hannibal's time in Italy (2nd Punic War)? Where did the people turn? |
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Definition
It could be bought cheaply, population drop
The people moved to Rome |
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Term
| Why was Hannibal's army unable to conquer Italy in the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
Lots of people and animals died while he was in the Alps.
Italians would not join his army
Carthage could not send supplies
Rome decided to attack Carthage, so Carthage called Hannibal home. |
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Term
| When the Romans couldn't defeat Hannibal in their own country during the 2nd Punic War, what did they do? |
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Definition
| They moved the battle to Carthage |
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Term
| Who was the Roman commander in the second Punic War? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the outcome of the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
No one won.
Carthage decided not to honor their peace terms
Rome sent an army to Carthage
Hannibal lost.
Carthage had to reduce their navy |
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Term
| What did Scipio do after the 2nd Punic war? |
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Definition
| Moved to Rome and became Censor |
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Term
| When Carthage negotiated a peace treaty with Rome after the 2nd Punic War, what did Rome demand? |
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Definition
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Carthage would leave Spain, Gaul, and Italy
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Carthage would reduce their navy to 20 warships
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Carthage had to pay 5000 talents (the money of the time) in war damages
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Second time:
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Carthage would leave Spain, Gaul, and Italy
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Carthage would reduce their navy to 10 warships
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Carthage had to pay 10000 talents (the money of the time) in war damages, in 50 equal annual payments, over the next 50 years.
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Term
| Which battle brought an end to the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the commanding officers on each side of the 2nd Punic War? |
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Definition
Scipio - Roman
Mago and Hannibal - Carthage |
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Term
| What was the outcome of the 2nd Punic war? |
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Definition
Carthage lost but then broke their treaty
Carthage lost again and lost more in the treaty |
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Term
| By what name was the Roman general called after the 2nd Punic War? Why? |
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Definition
Africanus
The Roman Hannibal
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Term
| How did Marcus Cato end every speech he made to the Roman people? |
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Definition
"Carthago delenda est" or "delenda Carthago")
Carthage must be destroyed |
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Term
| After Rome felt threatened by a growing Carthaginian economy after the 2nd Punic War, what did it demand that Carthage do? |
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Definition
Rome declared Punic War #3
History: Carthage went to war with Numidia
Romans did not want Carthage to be militaristic so it declared Punic War #3 |
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Term
| What are the dates of the 3rd Punic War? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the 3rd Punic War, what four things did Rome do to Carthage to ensure it never rose to power again? |
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Definition
final destruction of Carthage,
the enslavement of its population,
Roman hegemony over the western Mediterranean. |
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Term
| Between the 2nd and 3rd Punic Wars, Rome began conquering which area in the west? In the east? |
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Definition
West: Rome annexed Corsica and Sardinia
East: Illyria, to protect Trade Routes
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Term
| Who were the leaders of the Attalid and Seleucid Empires? |
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Definition
Attalid were decendents of Philetaerus one of Lysimachus' officers
Seleucid- son of Seleucus called Antiochus I Soter |
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Term
| Which countries did Ptolemy include? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is Rome considered to have become an "accidental" empire to this point? |
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Definition
| Rome could have easily lost any of these Punic Wars and Carthage (Africa) would have been the winner |
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Term
| Who was the successor to Philip V who tried to rally the Greeks to regain their former glory? |
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Definition
Perseus of Macedon
Macedon fell to Rome after Battle of Pydna |
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Term
| What characterized the Roman economy during the 2nd century BC? |
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Definition
Expansion of the Empire
Mining increasing
Agriculture better crops because of aquiducts
Trade- increased, shown by # of shipwrecks in this time period. |
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Term
| What was the family name of the brothers who tried to help the poor of Rome in the 2nd Century BC by bringing reform to the government? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who created a new style of politics by appealing to the passions of the general population rather than cooperating with the patrician class during the 2nd century BC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of this new type of politician in Rome (attempted to gain power by raising the population in their favor)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the name for the politicians who continued to attempt political change by appealing to traditional methods and structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who stabilized the price of grain to benefit the poor and proposed that citizenship be granted to all Italians in the second century BC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened to the two brothers that worked for the rights of the Plebians during the 2nd century BC? |
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Definition
| Tiberius and Gaius were murdered by Patricians and their bodies were thrown in the River |
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Term
| Who was the first general to whom his men gave their loyalty and gratitude rather than to the state? |
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Definition
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Term
| From what kind of people did Marius make up his army? |
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Definition
| Poor people which became professional soldiers |
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Term
| Why are professional army soldiers important to future generals after Marius? |
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Definition
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Term
| By the 1st century BC, what was the way to power in Rome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first general in government to use his army to kill his opponents? |
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Definition
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Term
| To what political position was Sulla appointed after defeating Marius in a civil war? |
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Definition
| Sulla was appointed dictator |
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Term
| Describe the position of Dictator during Sulla's rule. |
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Definition
Dictator
make laws and settling the constitution.
No time limit.
Used this position to enact reforms to the Roman constitution
Restore balance between Senate and Tribunes.
Resigned and government went back to a constituational government |
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Term
| Through Sulla "reform" of the government, to whom does he give more power? From whom does he take power away? |
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Definition
More power to the Senate
Fewer powers to the Plebians |
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Term
| After Sulla's death, which two men try to restore power to the Assembly, and then have a falling out? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who reconciles Pompey and Crassus by proposing a three-way alliance? |
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Definition
| Caesar with the Triumverate |
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Term
| What was this alliance called between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus? In what year was this alliance formed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was this Triumverate alliance formed? |
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Definition
Pompey and Crassus were enemies. Caesar consolidated their power and with his own popularity they were unstoppable.
Popularity, legal reputation, wealth and influence |
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Term
| Which of these men was the general who defeated Spartacus in the slave rebellion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What territory was Julius Caesar given to govern after serving as consul? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the significance of the Rhine River to Julius Caesar? |
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Definition
| Germanic tribes felt safe on the East side so Caesar built a bridge to show them the superiority of Rome |
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Term
| While Julius Caesar is conquering territory up north, what has happened to the other members of the Triumvirate? |
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Definition
Pompey is become jealous of Caesar
Crassus is fighting Sparticus |
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Term
| What is the significance of the Rubicon River to Caesar? |
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Definition
| Caesar crossed it in defiance of law. It was a sign of no return. |
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Term
| Where do Caesar and Pompey fight the determining battle of the civil war? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the outcome of Caesar and Pompey battle |
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Definition
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Term
| To whom does Pompey turn to rebuild his military forces? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the options available to King Ptolemy? Why does he make the decision he does? |
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Definition
Accept Pompey and have Caesar as an enemy
Kill Pompey and have Caesar as a friend
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Term
| Who is King Ptolemy's sister? |
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Definition
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Term
| After Caesar swiftly conquers Asia Minor, what is he reported to have said? |
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Definition
| I came, I saw, I conquered |
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Term
| What happens to King Ptolemy? Who reigns next? |
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Definition
King Ptolemy drowned in Nile while running from Caesar and Cleopatra.
Cleopatra and her little brother Ptolemy XIV were co-rulers and married |
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Term
| When Caesar returns to Rome, to what position is he appointed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the origin of the word "Emperor?" |
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Definition
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Term
| Who are the two key figures in the assassination of Julius Caesar? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is Caesar assassinated (month, day, and year)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the assassins of Caesar hope to accomplish? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three things are important to know about Cicero? |
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Definition
He was Consul
He opposed Caesar
He wrote "on the Republic"
He ran but was captured and killed |
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Term
| Did Cicero oppose or support Caesar? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the writings that resulted in Cicero's death by order of Octavius? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long did civil war last after Caesar's death? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the dates of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire? |
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Definition
Roman Republic 509-27 BC
Roman Empire 27 BC -476 AD |
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Term
| What does SPQR stand for and mean? |
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Definition
Senatus Populus Que Romanus
The Senate and the People of Rome
Placed on public buildings, armor, coins and park benches. Anything that belonged to the state. |
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