Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Clarke-The Cell
The Cell
66
Anatomy
Professional
10/21/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are cells capable of?
Definition
performing various useful functions
Term
What is intracellular (Ground) substance?
Definition
lies between cells. Supports cells structurally and physiologically by providing nourishment and disposing of waste products
Term
What is the purpose of body fluids?
Definition
provides a medium for dissloving, mixing, and transporting substances as well as carrying out chemical reactions
Term
What are three ways that cells can vary?
Definition
in size, shape, function
Term
What are cells?
Definition
smallest unit of organization in the body capable of performing function
Term
What is tissue formed by?
Definition
cells with similar characteristics and specialize in a common function
Term
What is an organ?
Definition
when tissues band together to form a body part that performs a specific function
Term
What is a system?
Definition
a group of organs that function together
Term
What is exocytosis?
Definition
active transport of material out of a cell
Term
What is endocytosis?
Definition
uptake of material from the environment
Term
What are the two types of endocytosis?
Definition
pinocytosis and phagocytosis
Term
What is pinocytosis?
Definition
ingesting extracellular fluid
Term
What is phagocytosis?
Definition
engulfing and digesting solid material
Term
What is irritability?
Definition
the capacity to respond to stimulus
Term
What are two types of irrritability?
Definition
conductivity and conractility
Term
What is conductivity?
Definition
ability to transmit an electrical pulse
Term
What is contractility?
Definition
the ability to change shape
Term
What is respiration?
Definition
the process by which food and oxygen are chemically converted to energy, CO2, and water
Term
What is secretion and excretion? What is the difference between then?
Definition
processes by which cell rides itself of material

secretion-useful product exits cell

excretion-waste product exits cell
Term
Growth
Definition
the ability to increase in size
Term
What is reproduction?
Definition
the ability to increase in number
Term
What does a cell generally include?
Definition
a bag of fluid and inclusions
Term
What is the function of the cell membrane that surrounds the cell?
Definition
functions to keep cellular fluid and components in and the foreign material out
Term
What are the two cell membrane layers?
Definition
lipid layer and protein layer
Term
What is the cytoplasm?
Definition
fluid portion of the cell
Term
What does the cytoplasm contain? (besides fluid)
Definition
structures and some voids
Term
What is the nucleus?
Definition
the master control
Term
Where is the cell's genetic code stored?
Definition
in the nucleus
Term
What is the fluid portion of the nucleus called? What is its purpose?
Definition
nucleoplasm, contains molecules used in construction ribosomes, DNA, and RNA
Term
Proteins in the nucleoplasm include...(4)
Definition
1.chromatin
2.mRNA
3.tRNA
4.rRNA
Term
What does the nucleolus produce?
Definition
rRNA and nucleotides
Term
What is the nucleus membrane surrounded by?
Definition
the nuclear envelope
Term
What is the nuclear envelope?
Definition
a double layered membrane pierced by nuclear pores
Term
What do nuclear pores do?
Definition
act as means of communication between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
Term
What do mitochondria do?
Definition
-convert glucose to ATP, site of metabolic reactions
-helps balance concentration of water, calcium, an other ions int he cytoplasm
Term
Where are ribosomes formed? What are they formed from?
Definition
made in nucleus from rRNA and protein
Term
What is the function of ribosomes?
Definition
protein factories
Term
Where can ribosomes be found?
Definition
free in the cytoplasm, bound to the ER or within mitochondria
Term
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Definition
-a system of parallel membrane-bound channels
-functions to modify, store, segregate, and transport proteins
Term
What is the ER continuous with? What is it's texture?
Definition
continuous with the nuclear envelope, classified as smooth or rough
Term
What can ER be dotted with on its surface?
Definition
ribosomes
Term
What is the golgi complex composed of?
Definition
stacks of flattened, smoothed membraned sacs parallel to one another
Term
Where are vesicles of protein molecules transferred to the golgi complex from?
Definition
RER
Term
What are protein molecules in the golgi complex wrapped in? What does this produce?
Definition
a membrane, to produce a vesicle
Term
Where are the vesicles of golgi complex sent?
Definition
vesicles sent to the cell's surface to be released by exocytosis(secretion or excretion)
Term
What are lysosomes produced by?
Definition
the golgi complex
Term
What are lysosomes?
Definition
membrane bound vesicles that contain powerful hydrolytic and digestive enzymes
Term
What is the main enzyme produced by lysosomes? Why is this enzyme important to us?
Definition
hyaluronidase, important in perio disease because it breaks down the bone
Term
What are lysosomes main function?
Definition
to digest waste and foreign material
Term
Where are centrosome located?
Definition
near the nucleus
Term
What do centrosomes contain?
Definition
centrioles(pair of cylindrical structures)
Term
What is the centrosome main function?
Definition
ti form mitotic spindle during cell division
Term
What is the cytoskeleton?
Definition
3-D support system
Term
What is the cytoskeleton composed of?
Definition
microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments
Term
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Definition
lends stability, creates pathways for movement of molecules through cell
Term
What are inclusions?
Definition
metabolic inert substances or structures
Term
How many inclusions are made?
Definition
used as demands dictate
Term
What are some examples of inclusions?
Definition
-melanin in skin
-residual bodies like spent lysosomes and their digested material
Term
What is mitosis?
Definition
form of cell division that creates 2 daughter identical cells
Term
What are the 4 phases of mitosis?
Definition
1.prophase
2.metaphase
3.anaphase
4.telophase
Term
What are two extracellular materials?
Definition
fluids(interstitial fluid) and semisolid substances(ground substance)
Term
What is the function of interstitial fluid?
Definition
provides a medium for dissolving, mixing, and transporting substances and assists in carrying out chemical reactions
Term
What does fluid recycle as?
Definition
plasma, lymph, and interstitial fluid
Term
What is the function of ground substance?
Definition
serves as barrier as well as a medium for gases and metabolic substance exchange
Term
What are intracellular junctions?
Definition
mechanical attachments between cells
Term
What do attachment devices include in intracellular junctions?
Definition
attachment plaque and tonofilaments
Supporting users have an ad free experience!