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| "a comprehensive perspective or framework of our beliefs about reality." -Arthur Holmes |
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| beliefs are not just feelings, they have content |
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| the study of the cosmos (related to the physical) |
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| has to do with ultimate reality |
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| branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty |
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| teleology is any philosophical account that holds that final causes exist in nature, meaning that, analogous to purposes found in human actions, nature inherently tends toward definite ends |
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"thinking about thinking"
basis in intuition, experience, reason, tradition, and revelation |
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| berith: a binding relationship between two parties initiated by the sovereign (or stronger) of the two parties |
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| God is above or beyond everything |
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| God is distinct from creation but by choice is intimately involved |
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| humans are the only creatures described as being made in the image of God |
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| How God makes himself known (special and general revelation) |
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| ancient cultures thought of history as looping back on itself but hebrews thought of history as moving foreward in a straight line: in history God is acting in and through history to take creation to a perfect goal of creational and redemptive purpose |
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* objective
* principles that arise from outside of us
*ethics |
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*ultimate human problem
*failure to live in God's ways |
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| we come to right standing with God not because of what we have done but based on his grace through his faithful promises |
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| Atonement in Judaism is the process of causing a transgression to be forgiven or pardoned |
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| Grace in Christianity is the free and unmerited favour of God as manifested in the salvation of sinners and the bestowing of blessings |
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| Faith in Christianity is based on the work and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christianity declares not to be distinguished by faith, but by the object of its faith. |
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| Minoa is the name of several bronze-age settlements in the Aegean coasts, in Corfu and in Sicily. The original meaning of the word remains unknown, but it seems that there is a strong connection with the mythic king of Crete, Minos, during the bronze-age Minoan civilization which flourished in Crete and in the Aegean islands (2000-1470 BC). The inhabitants of Crete were named Minoans by Arthur Evans, after the legendary king. The root min- corresponds to a group of Aegean languages, and appears also in some toponyms like Minya, Minassos and in the name of the Minyans. |
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| In the second millennium BC, Mycenae was one of the major centres of Greek civilization, a military stronghold which dominated much of southern Greece. The period of Greek history from about 1600 BC to about 1100 BC is called Mycenaean in reference to Mycenae |
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Helped Greece by
1. teaching ship building
2. teaching trading
3. colonization
4. alphabet |
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main source of information on Greece's Dark Ages
Wrote the Iliad and Odyssey |
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| new political movement with the goal of greater flexibility in the governing of society as a whole. Not bound to one form of government. |
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| rule by the one (not favored by the polis) |
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| rule by the best(the wisest, best families, best educated) |
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| rule by the people; in pure democracy, everything major would have to be voted on by everyone who was a citizen |
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| the whole is governed by representatives from the whole |
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| Spartans took over Messenia and made it Sparta. Captured Messenians were called Helots. |
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| Status quo mindset (Sparta) |
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| I have no fucking clue. I am gonna assume that it has something to do with gender roles. Men=soldiers women= quiet support. |
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| Draco was the first to be given authority to codify and publish laws. Set the precedent that the publication of laws strengthened the hand of the state against the local power of the nobles. |
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| Reformed Athen's government. Cancelled current debts and forbade future loans. Forbade export of wheat and promoted that of olive oil. Changed standards of weights and measures to match Corinth and Euboea. Granted citizenship to immigrant tradesmen and merchants. Allowed men of the third class to serve as hoplites. |
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| First Athenian tyrant. Sought to increase power of central government at the expense of the nobles. Didn't make any changes to Solon's constitution, simply made sure his supporters filled government roles. |
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| founder of democracy; sought to diminish the influence of traditional localitites and regions in athenian life; created the "deme" or small town as the basic unit of civil life. |
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| became leader of the democratic faction; commander of Athenian army during Peloponnesian Wars. |
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| an association of Greek city-states under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire |
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| fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta |
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| King of Macedon; created a versatile and powerful professional army, invaded and took control of Greece |
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| Alexander the Great. Took over Persia. |
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| used to describe the distinctive characteristics of the Hellenic ethnos. Encompassing religion, philosophy, and the way of life of the Hellenic people |
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| Comparison of Hebrews and Greeks |
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1. Polis vs family
2. Greeks believed in gods but not in personal relationships with them |
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| 5 parts of the polis idea as an "ideal" |
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a. A polis is built on 4-5 hills w/ a central market, at least 1 central temple, and a central court High hill (acropolis) was the center
b. Population: If you grow in population, instead of trying to take over a neighbor, colonized
c. New type of military to defend the polis: Hoplite phalanx
d. Greater sense of value of individual
e. Place of individual is always tied to the conviction that the individual is indissolubly tied to the whole |
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Before the Persian invasion in the middle of the 6th century BC, Miletus was considered the greatest and wealthiest of Greek cities.
Honestly IDK |
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| Heraclitus is famous for his insistence on ever-present change in the universe, as stated in the famous saying, "No man ever steps in the same river twice" |
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| Sophistry: the skill of using what at first seem like wise plausible arguments that are ultimately deceptive and false. Taught those who paid them most. Unconcerned with truth or other absolutes. |
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| "man is the measure of all things" meaning that there is no truth but that which individuals deem to be the truth |
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| thought each person should seek his own self-interest and treat his own self-interest as what is best for the community |
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| "the unexamined idea is not worth holding" (the unexamined life is not worth living) |
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| Socrates' student. Founded the academy |
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| Plato: deductive/"idealistic" |
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| we deduce truth from the forms |
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| ideals, eternal patterns, nonmaterial but speak about the material |
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| dualism of the body and spirit. the spirit was eternal. |
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Recollection
Mathematical reasoning
dialectic and definition
Eristic: |
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Plato has Socrates describe a gathering of people who have lived chained to the wall of a cave all of their lives, facing a blank wall. The people watch shadows projected on the wall by things passing in front of a fire behind them, and begin to ascribe names to these shadows. According to Plato's Socrates, the shadows are as close as the prisoners get to viewing reality. He then explains how the philosopher is like a prisoner who is freed from the cave and comes to understand that the shadows on the wall do not make up reality at all, as he can perceive the true form of reality rather than the mere shadows seen by the prisoners.
The Allegory may be related to Plato's Theory of Forms, according to which the "Forms" (or "Ideas"), and not the material world of change known to us through sensation, possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality. Only knowledge of the Forms constitutes real knowledge.[1] In addition, the Allegory of the Cave is an attempt to explain the philosopher's place in society: to attempt to enlighten the "prisoners." |
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| Taught Alexander the Great. Founded a school called Lyceum. |
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| Aristotle: inductive/empirical |
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| plato was deductive: started with forms. Aristotle thought this was too poetic instead thought of it as arriving to forms. |
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| Aristotle: sense experience |
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| Thought sense experience was the best but not only way of acquiring knowledge. |
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| Aristotle: matter and form |
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| you will never find a form without matter nor matter without form (except maybe when you die) |
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Theoretical (logic and metaphysics)
Practical (biology and ethics)
Productive (poetry, plays, history, fine arts) |
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Archai:principles than which there is nothing more basic, common axioms shared by all branches of knowledge
Syllogism:seeks to make by logical demonstration what one deems to be reasonable |
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| 5 parts of the Roman "mindset" |
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a. Order
b. Stability
c. Law
d. Practicality
e. Commitment |
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*exerted the most powerful external influence on the romans
*brought civilization to rome
*conquered latium |
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| the region that included Rome |
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| Characteristics of the Apostolic Age (ca. AD 30-100) |
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| Reasons why Christianity expanded even amidst persecution during the 2nd era of the Early Church (ca. AD 100-315) |
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| Central ideas of what it meant to be the “church catholic” during the 2nd era of the Early Church (ca. AD 100-315) |
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| Constantine’s new socio-political policy and also what that meant for the Church in the Empire (Era 3 of the Early Church – the Imperial Church Era – ca. AD 315-500) |
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