Indian Civil Service

• Administered the government of india
• a bureaucracy 
• entry was based on examinations
• offered only in England

• Areas the dutch concurred around Java
• Dutch forts and trading post date back to the 17thC 
• The Dutch Ruled Java and most of archipelago
• Brought about the Java War and the Culture system
• Encouraged western education

Encomienda System

Swahili

Meaning “People of the Coast” the term used for the people living along the East African coast and on nearby islands.

The African Slave Trade

Before european intrusion. The exchange of peoples captured in local and ethnic wars and jihad's within sub-Saharan Africa. African rulers justified enslavement based on a principal commodity in trade, including the export sector, and slaves were important in the domestic sphere” as concubines, servants, soldiers, and ordinary laborers

-Trans-saharan slave route

-Slaves were attained as payment for debt, in war and through simple purchase.

-slaves were generally treated well

The Atlantic Slave Trade

The Atlantic slave trade involved the largest number of enslaved Africans. This forced migration of millions of human beings, extending from the early 15th to the late 19th centuries, represents one of the most inhumane, unjust, and shameful tragedies in human history. 

-Slaves treaty poorly

-Obtained for personal luxury

Consequences in Africa

the loss of resources, skilled members of society, and men with families with around 10-40 million people.

Migration Chain

The movement of peoples in which one strong individual would blaze the way and others would follow.

Great White Walls

Discriminatory laws that appeared in the 1880s in the United States and Australia and were designed to keep Asians out.

Indigo

A natural color through the extraction of leaves from a small bush that are carefully fermented in barrels and processed into cakes of pigment. It dyes in all fabrics. Major export out of India.

Quinine

An agent that proved effective in controlling attacks of malaria, which had previously decimated Europeans in the tropics.

Causes of the New Imperialism

 Deals with industrialization (Guns, steel, railroads, steamships, and mass transportation). Based off the want to be dominant in a military way especially after the Civil War.

Traditionalists

Those native to a colony who focused on preserving their traditional culture against imperialists at all costs

Modernizers

Those native to a colony who believed that Western impact had affected their society in some positive ways and who wanted to reform their country in a similar manner.

Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

Book about Congo

Leopold II "King Leopold"

The king of Belgium who colonized the Congo and sent expeditions into Central africa

Congo Free State

Was controlled by king Leopold.The state included the entire area of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo and existed from 1885 to 1908. The Congo Free State eventually had a bad reputation due to brutal mistreatment of the local peoples and plunder of natural resources, leading to its abolition in 1908

Seizure of Africa

Occurred between 1880 and 1900 where Britain, France, Germany, and Italy scrambled for African possessions as if their national livelihoods were at stake. By 1902 only Ethiopia in northeast Africa and Liberia on the West African coast remained independent

Muhammad Ali

The Turkish general who establish a modernized and virtually made independent the Egyptian state.

Palm Oil

 A West African tropical product, often used to make soap; the British encouraged its cultivation as an alternative to the slave trade.

Jihads

Religious wars waged by Muslim scholars and religious leaders against both animist rulers and Islamic states that they deemed corrupt

Berlin Conference

Held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa, it established the principle that European claims to African territory had to rest on “effective occupation” in order to be recognized by other states

Scramble for Africa 

 A race for african territory between Britain, France; etc.

Protected Areas

Areas claimed by the Europeans because they wanted to monopolize and sell goods in that certain area

Mineral Revolution

Discovery of Gold & Diamonds In african that boosted the economy

Shaka Zulu

  He revolutionized African warfare. He managed to create “the largest and most powerful African society in southern Africa in the nineteenth century.” His warriors perfected the use of a new, short stabbing, spear in deadly hand-to-hand combat. His wars also led to the consolidation of the Zulu, Swazi, and Sotho peoples into stronger states in southern Africa.

Afrikaners

First known as Boers. The descendants of the Dutch in the Cape Colony

Boer War, 1899-1902

 British and the Dutch settlers fighting over diamond mines and control of south Africa

Apartheid

 The system of racial segregation and discrimination that was supported by Afrikaner government.

Cecil Rhodes

Founder of the De Beers mining company in south africa that supplied work for both whites and blacks even though whites were treated better

Meji Restoration

 The 1867 ousting of the Tokugawa Shogunate that “restored” the power of the Japanese emperors.

Boxer Rebellion

A Chinese secret society that blamed the country’s ills on foreigners, especially missionaries, and rose in rebellion in 1899-1900. This led to 1911 Revolution which was an uprising that brought China’s monarchy to an end.

Creole

People of Spanish descent born in America.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The 1848 treaty between the United States and Mexico in which Mexico ceded large tracts of land to the United States.

New South Wales

The name given to Australia by James Cook, the English explorer; today it is the name of the most populous of the six states of Australia.

French Indonesia (indo china?)

The name given the French colonial state that ruled the region of the modern countries of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.

an area or region over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military or political influence.

ex: during in World War II, the Japanese Empire had quite a large sphere of influence. The Japanese government directly governed events in Korea, Manchuria, Vietnam, Taiwan, and parts of China