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| Open Systems Interconnection Model in which communication functions are grouped into logical layers. Each layer provides services to its upper layer instances while receiving services from the layer below. |
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| Department of Defense Model, aka TCP/IP Model |
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| Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is a framework for the Internet Protocol Suite of computer network protocols created in the 1970s by DARPA |
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| Networking standards under 802, e.g. 802.11 are WiFi standards |
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| Electronics Industry Association/Telecommunications Industry Association develops industry standards, such as 5.TIA/EIA-598 (Fiber optic color coding) |
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| a computer networking device that connects network segments; commonly refers to a multi-port network bridge that processes and routes data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model |
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| device that forwards data packets between computer networks |
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| a device that connects multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment; works at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model |
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| a device that connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model |
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| OSI layer 1 which defines electrical and physical specifications for devices; includes media, signal and binary transmission |
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| OSI layer 2 which transfers data between network entities and detects and possibly corrects errors that may occur in the physical layer; WAN/LAN |
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| OSI layer 3 at which routers operate, sending data throughout the extended network and making the Internet possible |
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| OSI layer 4 which provides transparent transfer of data between end users; TCP and UDP |
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| OSI layer 5 which establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote applications. |
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| OSI layer 6 which transforms data into the form that the application accepts. This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network. Also called syntax layer |
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| OSI layer 7, which is closest to the end user. Both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application |
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| pure hardware in any network infrastructure |
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| used to move packets between the Internet Layer interfaces of two different hosts on the same link; frames |
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| host addressing and identification and packet routing; IP protocols |
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| message transfer capabilities through TCP or UDP |
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| higher-level protocols used by most applications for network communication, such as FTP or SMTP |
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