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CIS 321 Final
...
50
Computer Networking
Undergraduate 4
05/16/2012

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Cards

Term
Process Control
Definition

Allows users to send commands to a system.

 

-Process control Screen (Dialog Screen) is part of User Interface and enables a user to initiate or control system actions

Term
Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
Definition
User Interface is based on HCI. HCI describes the RElationship between computers and people who use them to perform their jobs. HCI applies from PC Desktops to global networks. Is predecessor to GUI
Term
Screen Layout and Design
Definition

- Users-Approved storyboards and sketches

-transparent Interface

-Easy to learn and use

-Uses menu trees

-Enhances user productivity

Easy for User to access Help or Correct errors

-Minimize input data problem

-provide feedback to user

-Attractive layout & design

-Familiar terms and images

Term
Aesthetics
Definition
How an Interface can be made attractive and easy to use
Term
Ergonomics
Definition
DEscribes how people work, learn, and interact with computers
Term
Interface Technology
Definition
Provides the Operational Structure required to carry out the design objectives
Term
Input Masks
Definition
Templates or Patterns that make it easier for Users to enter data. Use data validation rules, which limit acceptable values that users can enter.
Term
Menu Bar
Definition
located at top of screen & displays the Main Menu Options
Term

Radio Button

(Option Button)

Definition
Represents a group of options; User can only select one option at a tie. The selected option contains a black dot
Term

Control Bar

(Toolbar)

Definition
Contains icons and/or buttons that represent Shortcuts for executing common Commands
Term
Dialog Box
Definition
Allows user to enter information about a task that the system will perform
Term
Text Box
Definition
displays messages & provides a place for a user to enter data
Term
Toggle Button
Definition
Used to represent on/off status; clicking toggle button switches to the other status
Term
List Box
Definition
Displays a list of choices that the user can select. If the list doesn't fit in the box, a Scroll Bar allows the user to move through the available choices
Term
Drop-Down List Box
Definition
Displays current selection; when the user clicks the arrow, a list of all the available choices are displayed.
Term
Command Button
Definition
Initiates an action, such as printing a form or request.
Term
Check Box
Definition
Used to select one or more choices from a group. Selected options are have a checkmark or X.
Term
Calendar Control
Definition
Allows the User to select a date that the system will use as a field.
Term
Turnaround Documents
Definition

Printed out documents that are later entered back into the same or other information. 

-Ex. Phone & Utility bill, with a returnable portion for the company data entry

Term
Data Integrity
Definition
Problems can occur if updates are not applied in every file; changing data in only one system will cause inconsistent data and result in incorrect information in the second system.
Term
Referential Integrity
Definition

Set of rules that avoid data inconsistency and quality problems. Seen in Relational Database

-Type of Validity Check

Term
Data Redundancy
Definition
When data common to 2 or more Information Systems is stored in several places; Requires too much storage space & maintaining and updating data in several places is expensive
Term

Database Management System

(DBMS)

Definition
Collection of Tools, Features, and Interfaces that enables Users to Add, Update, Manage, Access, and Analyze the content of a set of data. User advantages: timely, interactive, and flexible data access
Term
Scalability
Definition
Means a system can be expanded, modified, or downsized to rapidly meet the changing business needs of a business enterprise.
Term
Cpmpatibility
Definition
If one Database can be used in conjunction with, or merged with another database, they are compatible.
Term
Cardinality
Definition
Describes the numeric relationship between 2 entities and shows how instances of one entity relate to instances of another entity. 
Term
Query Language
Definition

Allows a User to specify a task without specifying how the task will be accomplished.

 

-Some query languages use natural language commands that resemble ordinary English sentences

Term

Hypertext Markup Language

(HTML)

Definition
Language used to write Web Pages for the Internet
Term

Query By Example

(QBE)

Definition
Users provide an example of the data requested
Term

Structured Query Language

(SQL)

Definition
Programming/Query Language that allows PC Users to communicate with Servers and Mainframe computers
Term
Key Fields
Definition

During System Design Phase, Key Fields are used to organize, access, and maintain data structure.

- 4 types of key fields: Primary, Foreign, Candidate, & Secondary

Term
Primary Key
Definition
Field or combination of fields that uniquely and minimally identifies a particular member of an entity. Unique identifiers within a table.
Term
Foreign Key
Definition
A field in one table that must match a Primary key field in another table, in order to establish a relationship between the two tables
Term
Composite Key
Definition
Primary key that consists of a combination of fields; also called a Combination key, Concatenated key, or Multi-Valued key
Term
Mainframe Architecture
Definition
a system design where the Server performs all the processing
Term
Client/Server Architecture
Definition
Systems that divide Processing between 1 or more networked Clients and a central Server. The Clients handle the entire User Interface including data query, data entry, and screen presentation logic.The Server stores the data and provides data access and database management functions. Application logic is divided between the two.
Term

Distributed Database Management System

(DDBMS)

Definition

Data is stored in more than one location. 

 

-Adv: data stored closer to the Server reduces network traffic and the system is scalable; system is less likely to experience catastrophic failure

 

-Dis: data securit, since data is stored in more than one location. More complex and difficult to manage

Term
Portal
Definition
An entrance to a multi-functional web site. After entering a portal, a User can navigate to a destination, using various tools and features provided by a portal designer
Term

Open Systems Interconnect Model

(OSI)

Definition

Describes how data actually moves from an application on one computer to an application on another network computer. The OSI consists of 7 layers

 

1) Application

2) Presentation

3) Session

4) Transport

5) Network

6) Data Link

7) Physical

 

(7-1) Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away

Term
Protocol
Definition
A set of standards that govern network data transmission. Also, preset condition used by firewalls to determine whether or not to allow traffic to pass.
Term

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

(TCP/IP)

Definition
A popular networking protocol; TCP/IP is the backbone of the internet. Originally developed by the Department of Defense
Term
Software Engineering Institute (SEI) 
Definition

Primary objective is to find better, stronger, faster, and less expensive methods of software development. 

-Designed software development standards called Capability Maturity Model (CMM) and Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) are a large framework called Process Improvment

Term
Software Engineering
Definition
A software development process that stresses solid design, effective structure, accurate documentation, and careful testing.
Term
Module
Definition
Consists of related program code organized into small units that are easy to understand and maintain; a complex program can have hundreds/thousands of Modules
Term
Flowcharts
Definition
diagrams used tod escribe program logic that represents logical rules and interaction graphically using a series or symbols connects by arrows; used in visualizing modular program designs
Term
Top-Down Approach
Definition

Where the systems analyst defines the overall objectives of the system and then breaks them down into subsystems and modules, called partitioning

 

-Also called Modular Design

Term
Class Diagram
Definition
represents a detailed view of a single use case, shows the classes that participate in the use case, and documents the relationship among the classes
Term
How much effort does IT put into supporting existing systems?
Definition
It could be a lot. Depends on how well the system is designed and how complex the tasks are that are being performed, how often, and by how many people.
Term
Maintenance Activities
Definition

Iclude changing programs, procedures, and documentation to ensure correct system performance; adapting the system to changing requirements and making the system operate more efficiently. Met by:

-Corrective (Fix errors)

-Adaptive (add new capabilities & enhancements)

-Perfective (improves efficiency)

-Preventative (reduces possibility of future failure)

Term
Operational Costs
Definition

Costs incurred after the system is implemented and continues while the system is in use.

 

-System Maintenance

-Supplies

-Equipment Rental

-Annual Software License Fees

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