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Circulatory System Keynote
Davis's keynote for the Circulatory System
121
Anatomy
12th Grade
04/16/2013

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Cards

Term
What is the fear of blood?
Definition
Hematophobia
Term

What type of tissue is blood?

 

Definition
Connective Tissue
Term
What are the two basic components of blood? (Give their amount in blood as a percentage and what they consist of)
Definition
  1. Cells (rbc, wbc, platelets) = 45%
  2. Plasma (water, proteins, amino acids..etc) = 55%
Term
What is the test that determines if volume of blood cells in a sample, should be 45%. The remaining fluid is plasma (55%).
Definition
Hematocrit
Term
How are the percentages of a hematocrit determined?
Definition
Placed in a centrifuge.
Term
Plasma has three major components. What are they and how much of the plasma do they constitute?
Definition

91% Water

7% Blood Proteins

2% Nutrients

Term
Name three blood proteins and their functions.
Definition

Fibrinogen- helps clot blood by acting as glue on top of platelets and other clotting factors.

Albumin- main protein of human plasma, regulates colloidal osmotic pressure of blood.

Globulin-participate in immune system.

Term
Red Blood Cells are also called...
Definition
erythrocytes
Term
White Blood Cells are also called...
Definition
Leukocytes
Term

Platelets are also called..

 

Definition
Thrombocytes
Term
Biconcave discs are..
Definition
5 million per cubic millimeter and they lack nuclei.
Term
The formation of blood cells (bone marrow) is called...
Definition
Hematopoiesis
Term
Phagocytosis occurs mostly in the..
Definition
Liver and Spleen
Term
The Buffy Coat of blood consists of
Definition
Leukocytes (7000-9000 per mm^3 of blood) and Platelets (250,000 per mm^3 of blood).
Term
Red Blood Cells constitute how much of a humans blood?
Definition

About 5,000,000 per mm^3 of blood. 

Term

hormone produced by the liver and kidneys that allows for excess red blood cells to be produced. 

Definition
EPO, erythropoietin
Term
What is critical to synthesize hemoglobin?
Definition
Iron
Term
Plenty of oxygen; bright red
Definition
Oxyhemoglobin
Term
Low in O2, "bluish red"
Definition
Deoxyhemoglobin
Term
3 Elements critical to RBC Production
Definition
Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, Iron
Term
Too few RBC's causes...
Definition
Anemia
Term
What are the types of white blood cells?
Definition

-Granulocytes (granular cytoplasm)

-Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Agranulocytes (lacking granular cytoplasm) Monocytes, lymphocytes.

Term
Agranular Leukocytes include
Definition

1) Lymphocytes (20-25%)

2) Monocytes (3-8%)

Term
Granular Leukocytes include
Definition

1) Basophils (.5-1%)

2) Neutrophils (60-70%)

3) Eosinophils (2-4%)

Term
Describe the nucleus of Neutrophils
Definition
Has several lobes
Term
Where are Neutrophils present?
Definition
The pus of wounds
Term
What do Basophils produce?
Definition
Heparin and Histamines
Term
Basophils are important in what reaction?
Definition
The inflammatory reaction
Term
Eosinophils main function is to
Definition
Attack parasites
Term
Monocytes have _____ shaped nucleus's and become ______
Definition
horseshoe, macrophages
Term
Lymphocytes main function is to
Definition
Defend against invaders
Term
The nucleus of lymphocytes...
Definition

is dark and takes up almost whole cell; almost no cytoplasm seen

Term
Platelets are also called ____
Definition
Thrombocytes
Term
Platelets main functions are in
Definition
Blood clots and vessel repair
Term
What are the three types of plasma proteins?
Definition
Albumins, Globulins, and Fibrinogens
Term
Albumins are responsible for _____ _____
Definition
blood pressure
Term
Globulins are responsible for what two things?
Definition
Transporting Lipids and antibodies for immunity.
Term
Fibrinogen is important for what?
Definition
Blood Clotting
Term
The liquid portion of blood
Definition
Plasma
Term
How much of plasma is water?
Definition
92%
Term

What is the process of stopping bleeding involving the coagulation and clotting of the blood to seal the site of damage called?

Definition
Hemostasis
Term
What are the three events in Hemostasis?
Definition

1) Blood vessel spasm

2) Platelet Plug Formation

3) Blood Coagulation

Term
Seratonin is a ______
Definition
Vasoconstrictor
Term
Blood coagulation is...
Definition
The thickening of blood to form a blood clot
Term
An abnormal blood clot is called a ____
Definition
Thrombus
Term
When the clot moves to another place it's called a _____
Definition
Embolus
Term
What occurs when the bone marrow does not produce enough RBC?
Definition
Aplastic Anemia
Term
What occurs when there is an extreme blood loss?
Definition
Hemorrhagic anemia
Term
A B12 deficiency is known as
Definition
Pernicious Anemia
Term
Mononucleosis is usually caused by what virus?
Definition
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)
Term
An infection entering the blood stream that can be deadly.
Definition
Blood Poisioning Septicemia (Sepsis)
Term
The disease where there is a low production of platelets causing bleeding or bruising.
Definition
Thrombocytopenia
Term
Similar to Hemophilia but not as severe; excessive bruising occurs.
Definition

Von Willebrand Disease

Term
Jaundice is caused by what substance being secreted in the blood?
Definition
Bilirubin
Term

Delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste.

Definition
Systemic Circulation
Term
The heart is approxiamtely ___ by _____ cm
Definition
14, 9
Term
The heart is located in the _______.
Definition
Mediastinum
Term
The mediastinum is between the __ rib and __ intercostal space. The distal end of the heart is located above the ______.
Definition
2nd, 5th, diaphragm.
Term
_______ ________ encloses the heart (like a bag) and has 2 layers.
Definition
Fibrous Pericardium
Term
_______ _______ is the inner layer of the heart.
Definition
Visceral Pericardium
Term
_______ _________, (outer, attached to diaphragm, sternum, and vertebrae)
Definition
Parietal Pericardium
Term

This contains fluid for the heart to float in reducing friction. 

Definition
Pericardial Cavity
Term
Outer layer wall, reduces friction.
Definition
Epicardium
Term
Middle layer wall, mostly cardiac muscle.
Definition
Myocardium
Term
Thin inner lining wall, within chambers of the heart.
Definition
Endocardium
Term
These 2 chambers are thin upper chambers that receive blood returning to the heart through veins..
Definition
Right and Left Atrium
Term
These two chambers are thick, muscular chambers. Receive blood from the atria above them. Force (pump) blood out of the heart through arteries.
Definition
Right and Left Ventricle
Term
The _____  separates the right and left sides of the heart.
Definition
Septum
Term
_____ allow for one-way flow of blood.
Definition
Valves
Term
Also called the bicuspid valve or mitral valve. Between left atrium and ventricle.
Definition
Left Atrioventricular Valve
Term
Also called the tricuspid valve. Between right atrium and ventricle.
Definition
Right Atriventricular Valve
Term

Between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Definition
Aortic Semilunar
Term
Between the left ventricle and the aorta
Definition
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Term
The Bicuspid valve is on the ____ side.
Definition
Left
Term
The tricupsid valve is located on the ____ side.
Definition
Right
Term
Aortic and Pulmonary are both ______ valves.
Definition
Semilunar
Term
The cardiac cycle consists of ___ _______ ________.
Definition
One complete heartbeat.
Term
The force of blood against the wall of arteries is known as ____ ______.
Definition
Blood Pressure
Term

The cusps (flaps) of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves are anchored to the ventricle walls by fibrous “cords” called _____ ________. 

Definition
Chorda Tendineae
Term
Chordae Tendineae attach to the wall by ________ _______.
Definition
Papillary Muscles
Term
What four factors affect blood pressure?
Definition
  1. Cardiac Output
  2. Blood Volume (5 liters for avg adult)
  3. Blood Viscosity
  4. Peripheral Resistance
Term
Cardiac Output=_____________________
Definition
Stroke Volume x heart rate.
Term

________ Is a recording of the electrical events (changes) during a cardiac cycle.

Definition
Electrocardiogram
Term

depolarization of the atria (atrial contraction-systole)

Definition
P Wave
Term

depolarization of the ventricles (ventricular contraction, systole)

Definition
QRS Complex
Term

Repolarization of the ventricles.

Definition
T-Wave
Term
Heart sounds result from what three things?
Definition

opening and closing of the valves,

flow of blood into and out of the chambers,

vibrations in muscle. 

Term
Also referred to as the pacemaker and it starts depolarization.
Definition
S-A Node
Term
This is next to the tricuspid valve.
Definition
A-V Node
Term
The regulation of the cardiac cycle is controlled by the cardiac center within the ______ ______
Definition
medulla oblongata
Term
SADS stands for
Definition

Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndromes or Sudden Adult Death Syndrome

Term
SADS is prevented by ____ _____ ______
Definition
Routine ECG Screening
Term

The width of a single small sqaure on ECG paper represents ____ seconds.

Definition
.04
Term
A common length of an ECG printout is ___ ________.
Definition
6 seconds (six second strip)
Term
This is a common treatment for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia.
Definition
Defibrilator
Term
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Definition
Arteries, veins, capillaries.
Term
Arterioles connect to _______.
Definition
Capillaries
Term
Strong and elastic are characteristics of what type of blood vessel?
Definition
Arteries
Term
Thin and weak are characteristics of type of blood vessels?
Definition
Veins
Term
Capillary walls are composed of a single layer of ______ cells.
Definition
Squamous
Term
Capillaries critical function is to...
Definition

allows exchange of materials (oxygen, nutrients) between blood and tissues. 

Term
What are circular, valve-like muscles at arteriole-capillary junction called?
Definition
Precapillary sphincters
Term

The narrowing of the blood vessel’s lumen is called _____

Definition
Vasoconstriction
Term
The expanding of the blood vessel's lumen is called
Definition
Vasodilation
Term
What are the three important factors that contribute to blood flow through veins?
Definition
  1. Contraction of the diaphragm.
  2. Pumping action of the skeletal muscles.
  3. Valves in the veins.
Term
What are the 4 parts of the Aorta?
Definition

1) Ascending Aorta

2) Aortic Arch

3) Descending Aorta

4) Abdominal Aorta

Term
This splits into left and right and both lead to the lungs.
Definition
The pulmonary trunk
Term

These return blood from the lungs to the heart (connects to left atrium)

Definition
Pulmonary Veins
Term
These return blood from the head and body to the heart (connects to right atrium)
Definition
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Term
These supply blood to the heart itself.
Definition
Right and Left Coronary Arteries
Term
The Brachicephalic artery branches into what two other arteries?
Definition

Right Subclavian (supplies blood to the arms) and the Left Common Carotid (bicarotid)


Term
The common carotid artery supplies blood to what?
Definition
The head
Term
The left sublcavian artery supplies blood to what?
Definition
The left arm.
Term
Occurs when a certain valve does not close all the way causing a clicking sound at the end of a contraction.
Definition
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Term
When valves do not close completely. Also caused by holes in the septum of the heart.
Definition
Heart Murmurs
Term
  1. a blood clot obstructs a coronary artery, commonly called a “heart attack.”
Definition
Myocardial Infarction
Term
  1. deposits of fatty materials such as cholesterol form a “plaque” in the arteries which reduces blood flow.
Definition
Atherosclerosis
Term
Describe a treatment option for Atherosclerosis/Arterisclerosis.
Definition
  1. Angioplasty, where a catheter is inserted into the artery and a balloon is used to stretch the walls open.
Term
  1. high blood pressure, the force within the arteries is too high. 
Definition
Hypertension
Term
This is used to diagnose hypertension.
Definition
  1. sphygmomanometer 
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