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Circulatory System I
Clinical Correlations
22
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
04/04/2011

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Cards

Term
Aneurysm
Definition
Localized bulging or ballooning of the wall of an arty. Occur when an artery wall becomes weakened. If large enough it can compress adjacent structures or may rupture.
Term
Angina
Definition
Chest pain or discomfort. Symptom, not a disorder, usually of coronary artery disease.
Term
Arrhythmia
Definition
Irregular heartbeat caused by defects in the hearts conducting system.
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
Abnormally slow but regular heart rate (less than 60 beats per minute). Symptoms include weakness, dizziness, and shortness of breath.
Term
Tachycardia
Definition
Abnormally fast but regular heart rate (greater than 100 beats per minute).
Term
Fibrillation
Definition
Rapid uncoordinated heartbeat. Occur when contraction of the myocardium in heart chambers is asynchronous, producing a chamber that quivers rather than contracts. Ventricular fibrillation is a medical emergency.
Term
Coarctation of the Aorta
Definition
Congenital narrowing of the aorta. Reduces blood flow to tissues in the lower region of the body and forces the ventricle to work harder.
Term
Coronary Artery Disease
Definition
Condition in which plaques made of cholesterol and calcium build up in the walls of coronary arteries. Leading cause of death in men and women.
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
Progressive disease of plaque formation in arteries.
Term
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Definition
Procedure in which a blood vessel from another part of the body is surgically attached to a coronary artery to bypass an area of blockage.
Term
Cyanosis
Definition
Blue tint to skin and mucous membranes produced by oxygen deficiency in systemic blood.
Term
Hemorrhage
Definition
Bleeding, either internal or external, resulting from trauma or rupture of blood vessels.
Term
Hypertension
Definition
High blood pressure.
Term
Infarction
Definition
Localized tissue death due by lack of arterial blood supply. It is the end result of ischemia.
Term
Myocardial Infarction
Definition
Death of areas of myocardium due to coronary artery disease-- commonly referred to as heart attack.
Term
Ischemia
Definition
Decrease in blood flow to organs or tissues caused by complete or partial blockage of an artery.
Term
Septal Defect
Definition
Opening in the septum that separates the right and left sides of the heart.
Term
Atrial Septal Defect
Definition
A hole in the interatrial septum caused by failure of the fetal ovale to close completely after birth.
Term
Ventricular Septal Defect
Definition
Caused by incomplete development of the interventricular septum-- usually the membranous portion. Most common type of congenital birth defect.
Term
Valvular Heart Disease
Definition
Disorders involving valves of the heart that impact the heart's ability to pump blood effectively to the lungs or tissues of the body and cause the heart to work harder.
Term
Stenosis
Definition
Failure of the valve cusps to open fully. Oftentimes the cusps fuse together, producing a narrow central opening.
Term
Valve Incompetence
Definition
Failure of the valve to close completely, usually produced by inflammation that causes enlargement of cusps or scarring of the edges of cusps.
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