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Circulatory System and Heart
n
14
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/23/2012

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Cards

Term
What do "great vessels" of circulation include?
Definition
1. Large elastic arteries (aorta+major branches)
2. Pulmonary Trunk/Arteries and Veins
3. Inferior Vena Cavae-blood returning to heart from lower body
4. Superior Vena Cavae- blood returning to heart from upper body
Term
What is the Heart?
pump
circuits
chambers
Definition
a muscular double pump
1. pulmonary circuit- blood to and from lungs
2. systemic circuit- vessels transport blood to and from body tissues
4 chambers
-2 atrai receive blood from circuits
-2 ventricles- pumping chambers of heart
Term
What do blood vessels begin as in the embryo?
Definition
as condensations of mesodermal mesenchyme
Term
Describe the embryonic heart at days 21 and 22
Definition
Pair fo tubes fuse at day 21
heart starts pumping at day 22
Bulges develop along heart tube
Term
What are the earliest heart chambers in the embryo?
Definition
1. sinus venosus- RA and determine HR
2. Atrium
3. Ventricle
4. Bulbus cordis- becomes great arteries: aorta and pulmonary
Term
During embryonic heart development, the heart bends:
Definition
into an S shape
Atria brought to top, septa divide atria/ventricles
Term
Where is the heart?
Definition
largest organ of the mediastinum
Between the lungs
apex is directed out (toward sternum) and 45 degrees, and left about 45 degrees
Term
What are the 4 corners of the heart?
Definition
1. superior right- 3rd rib at costal cartilage/sternum
2. inferior right- 6th rib about 1.5 inch lateral to sternum
3. superior left- 2nd rib at costal cartilage, 1.5 in from sternum
4. inferior left- lies in 5th intercostal space at midvlavicular line
Term
What are the coverings of the heart?
Definition
Pericardium=
-fibrous pericardium- strong dense CT
-Serous pericardium- formed from two layers:
-parietal
-visceral
Term
What are the layers of the heart wall?
Definition
1. Epicardium- visceral layer of the serous pericardium=serosal membrane (simple squamous epithelium+thin CT)
2. Myocardium- cardiac muscle arranged in circular/spiral patterns
3. Endocardium- endothelium resting on a layer of loose CT (lines inner walls)
Term
How do the heart walls differ in thickness?
Definition
atria-thin
ventricles-thick
left ventricle- 3X thicker than right**
--exerts more pumping force flattens RV into crescent shape
Term
What is the internal division between the 2 atria? and the 2 ventricles?
Definition
interatrial septum
interventricular septum
Term
Where does the blood go that is oxygen poor in the superior and inferior vena cavae?
Definition
Pulmonary circuit
RA, RV, pulmonary trunk/arteries-> lungs
Term
Where does the blood go that is oxygen rich in pulmonary veins?
Definition
systemic circuit
LA, LV, aorta, distributing arteries
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