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Circulatory System
Chapter 12
159
Anatomy
Not Applicable
07/28/2013

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Term
the system that supplies transportation for cells of the body
Definition
circulatory system
Term
the pump that keeps blood moving through a closed circuit of blood vessels
Definition
heart
Term
permit the movement or exchange of many substances between the blood and fluid surrounding body cells; microscopic
Definition
capillaries
Term
tubing that carries the blood
Definition
vessels
Term
means "muscle"
Definition
myo-
Term
_______ and _________ are composed of three layers of tissue
Definition
arteries and veins
Term
_________ are thicker than ________ because they carry blood under higher pressure
Definition
arteries, veins
Term
________ and __________ carry blood in opposite directions
Definition
arteries, veins
Term
need to be thin-walled because this is where the exchange of material between the blood and the tissues takes place
Definition
capillaries
Term
blood pressure is (HIGHEST/LOWEST) just after leaving the heart and is(HIGHEST/LOWEST) just before returning to the heart
Definition
highest, lowest
Term
_________ is located between the lungs in the lower portion of the mediastinum
Definition
heart
Term
often described as a triangular organ, shaped and sized roughly like a closed fist
Definition
heart
Term
pointed end of a conical structure; blunt point; lower edge of the heart that lies on the diaphragm; points towards the left
Definition
apex
Term
heart sounds are often listened to by placing a stethoscope on the chest wall directly over the ______ of the heart
Definition
apex
Term
sounds of the ______ ______ are easily heard on the chest wall above the apex of the heart; that is, in the line space between the fifth and sixth ribs
Definition
apical beat
Term
combined external cardiac massage and artificial respiration
Definition
cardiopulmonary resucitation CPR
Term
the heart is (SOLID/HOLLOW)
Definition
HOLLOW
Term
the heart contains (how many) cavities
Definition
4
Term
two upper chambers of the heart
Definition
atria
Term
two lower chambers of the heart
Definition
ventricles
Term
the (ATRIA/VENTRICLES) are smaller than the (VENTRICLE/ATRIA) and their walls are thinner and less muscular
Definition
atria, ventricles
Term
often called receiving chambers
Definition
atria
Term
receive blood from the superior and inferior vena cava; the atria; blood enters the heart through veins that open into the upper cavities
Definition
receiving chambers
Term
referred to as discharging chambers
Definition
ventricles
Term
blood is pumped from the heart into the arteries that exit from the ventricles; therefore, __________ chambers
Definition
discharging
Term
muscle of the heart; composes the wall of each heart chamber
Definition
myocardium
Term
septum between the atrial chambers
Definition
interatrial septum
Term
septum between the ventricle chambers
Definition
interventricular septum
Term
each chamber of the heart is lined by a thin layer of very smooth tissue called
Definition
endocardium
Term
inflammation of the lining of the heart
Definition
endocarditis
Term
if inflamed, the endocardial ining can become rough and abrasive to RBCs passing over its surface, and can be subject to clotting and forming a __________
Definition
thrombus
Term
membrane that ssurrounds the heart; consists of two layers of tissue with small space inbetween
Definition
pericardium
Term
two layers of the pericardium
Definition
visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium
Term
the pericardium that covers the heart; also called the epicardium
Definition
visceral pericardium
Term
pericardium surrounding the heart lie a loose fitting sack to allow the heart enough room to beat
Definition
parietal pericardium
Term
endo-
Definition
within
Term
epi-
Definition
on top
Term
the ________ and the ________ layers of the pericardium slide against each other without friction because they are serous with moist surfaces
Definition
visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium
Term
a thin film of _____ fluid furnishes the lubricating moistness between the heart and its enveloping pericardial sac
Definition
pericardial
Term
inflammation of the pericardium
Definition
pericarditis
Term
serves as a muscular pumping device for distributing blood to all parts of the body
Definition
heart
Term
contraction of the heart muscle
Definition
systole
Term
relaxation of the heart muscle; interposed between its contractions
Definition
diastole
Term
when the heart beats, the ______ contract first, forcing blood into the ventricles
Definition
atria
Term
once filled, the two _________ contract and force blood out of the heart
Definition
ventricles
Term
two valves that seperate the atrial chambers from the ventricle chambers
Definition
atrioventricular (AV) valves
Term
one of the two AV valves; located between the left atrium and ventricle and sometimes called the mitral valve
Definition
bicuspid valve
Term
the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle
Definition
tricuspid valve
Term
_________ valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract
Definition
AV
Term
stringlike like structures that attach the AV valves to the wall of the heart
Definition
chordae tendineae
Term
valves located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart; valves found in veins
Definition
semilunar (SL) valves
Term
the _______, like the atria, contract together, therefore two semilunar valves open and close at the same time
Definition
ventricles
Term
valve located at the beginning of the pulmonary artery; alows blood going to the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle but prevents it from flowing back into the ventricle
Definition
pulmonary SL valve
Term
valve between the aorta and left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle; allows it to flow out of the ventricle
Definition
aortic SL valve
Term
the firs lub sound is caused by the vibration and abrupt closure of the __ ______ as the ventricles contract
Definition
av valves
Term
the _________ sound of the lub-dub is onger duration and lower pitch
Definition
first
Term
the second heart sound is caused by the closing of both the ________ _________ when the ventricles under go diastole
Definition
semilunar valves
Term
the heart acts as _____ seperate pumps
Definition
two
Term
the ________ atrium and ventricle perform a task quite different from the _______ atrium and ventricle
Definition
right and left
Term
when the heart beats, first the _______ contract simultaneously; systole
Definition
atria
Term
after atrial systole, the __________ fill with blood and they too contract together during systole
Definition
ventricles
Term
the (RIGHT AND LEFT/ TOP AND BOTTOM) sides of the heart act as two seperate pumps
Definition
right and left
Term
trace a drop of blood
Definition
superior/inferior vena cava
right atrium
trucuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs (o2/co2 exchange)
4 pulmonary veins (oxygenated)
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
aorta
arteries
arterioles
capillaries (o2/co2 exchange)
venules
veins
inferior/superior vena cava
Term
one of the two large veins returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
Definition
superior vena cava
Term
one of two large veins carrying blood into the right atrium
Definition
inferior vena cava
Term
the _______ heart pump receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins
Definition
right
Term
artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricles to the blood
Definition
pulmonary artery
Term
any vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Definition
pulmonary veins
Term
main and largest artery in the body
Definition
aorta
Term
Some really terrific, rad people play lottery 4 power, love, belongings, loyalty and acknowledgement, always care very victorious individuals
Definition
Superior/inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, 4 pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left venticle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, arteries, capillaries, venules, veins, inferior/superior vena cave
Term
___________ circulation involves the movement of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
Definition
pulmonary
Term
___________ circulation involves movement of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body as a whole
Definition
systemic
Term
venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium
Definition
pulmonary circulation
Term
blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium
Definition
systemic circulation
Term
requires a constant supply of blood containing nutrients and oxygen to function effectively
Definition
heart
Term
delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium;
Definition
coronary circulation
Term
blood flows into the heart muscle by way of these two small vessels; they are the aorta's first branches
Definition
right and left coronary arteries
Term
obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign matter carried in the blood stream
Definition
embolism
Term
tissue death; results from inadequate blood supply; i.e. coronary thrombosis; "heart attack"; common cause of death during middle and late adulthood
Definition
myocardial infarction (MI)
Term
recovery from a ________ _________ is possible if the amount of heart tissue damaged was small enough so that the remaining undamaged heart muscle can pump blood effectively enough to supply the needs of the rest of the heart and body
Definition
myocardial infarction
Term
severe chest pain resulting when the myocardium is deprived of sufficient oxygen; sign of myocardial infarction
Definition
angina pectoris
Term
surgery to relieve severely restricted coronary blood flow; veins are taen from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage; common treatment
Definition
coronary bypass surgery
Term
procedure in which a device is inserted into a blood vessel to open a channel for blood flow
Definition
angioplasty
Term
any vein that carries blood from the myocardial capillary beds to the coronary sinus
Definition
cardiac vein
Term
area that receives deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium
Definition
coronary sinus
Term
each commplete heartbeat; including contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles
Definition
cardiac cycle
Term
each cardiac cycle takes about _____ seconds to complete if the heart is beating at an average rate of about 72 beats per minute
Definition
0.8
Term
the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat
Definition
stroke volume
Term
volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute
Definition
cardiac output
Term
cardiac output averages at about ____L in a normal resting adult
Definition
5
Term
cardiac muscle fibers can contract rhythmically on their own, however they must be coordinated by _________ ___________ if the heart is to pump effectively
Definition
electrical signals
Term
most important thing to realize about conduction system of the heart is that all of the ________ muscle fibers in each region of the heart are electrically lined together
Definition
cardiac
Term
cross striations and unique dark bands that are found in the cardiac muscle fibers; electrical connectors that join muscle fibers into a single unit that can conduct an impulse through the entire wall of a chamber without stopping
Definition
intercalated disks
Term
both atrial walls will contract at about the same time because all of their fibers are ___________ linked
Definition
electrically
Term
conduction of the heart:
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Definition
SA Node
Av Node
Bundle of His
bundle branches
perkinje fibers
Term
the heart's pacemaker; where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts; located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava
Definition
sinoatrial (sa) node
Term
a small mass of a specialized cardiac muscle tissue; part of the conduction system of the heart
Definition
atrioventricular (av) node
Term
fibers in the heart that relay a nerve impulse from the av node to the ventricles
Definition
Av Bundle/ bundle of his
Term
specialized cells located in the walls of the ventricles; relay nerve impulses from the av node to the ventricles causing them to contract
Definition
purkinje fibers
Term
__________ _________ occurs when impulses are blocked from getting through to the ventricles, resulting in the heart beating at a much slower rate than normal
Definition
heart block
Term
an electrical device that is implanted in to the heart to treat a heart block; maintains ventricular contractions for adequate circulation of blood
Definition
artificial pacemaker
Term
machine that produces electrocardiograms, graphic records of the hearts electrical activity (voltage fluctuations)
Definition
electrocardiograph
Term
graphic record of the hearts action potentials
Definition
electrocardiogram (ecg)
Term
3 waves of ECG
Definition
p wave
qrs complex
t wave
Term
deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria
Definition
p wave
Term
deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result of depolarization of the ventricles
Definition
qrs complex
Term
deflection on the ECG that occurs with repolarization of the ventricles
Definition
T wave
Term
the electrical activity that triggers a contraction of the heart muscle
Definition
depolarization
Term
phase that begins just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity
Definition
repolarization
Term
arterial blood is pumped from the heart through a series of large distributioin vessels.....
Definition
arteries
Term
vessel carrying blood away from the heart
Definition
artery
Term
largest artery in the body
Definition
aorta
Term
small branch of an artery
Definition
arteriole
Term
arteries subdivide into vesseels that become progressively smaller and finally become tiny __________ that control the flow into microscopic exchange vessels
Definition
arterioles
Term
tiny, microscopic vessels that connect arterioles and venules
Definition
capillaries
Term
exchange of nutrients and respiratory gases occurs between the blood and tissue fluid around the cells in the _________ ________
Definition
capillary beds
Term
small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and join to form veins
Definition
venules
Term
vessel carrying blood toward the heart
Definition
veins
Term
larges veins are the
Definition
superior and inferior vena cava
Term
carry blood away from the heart and toward the capillaries
Definition
arteries
Term
arteries and veins have ____ layers
Definition
3
Term
outermost layer found in blood vessels; made of connective tissue fibers which reinforce the wall of the vessel so it will not burst under pressure
Definition
tunica externa
Term
the muscular middle layer found in the blood vessels; more muscular in arteries than in veins
Definition
turnica media
Term
endothelium that lines the blood vessels' single layer of squamus epithelial endothelium that lines the inner surface of the entire circulatory system
Definition
tunica intima
Term
squamous epithelial cells that line the inner surface of the entire circulatory system and the vessels of the lymphatic system
Definition
endothelium
Term
_______ are equipped with one way valves that prevent the backflow of blood
Definition
veins
Term
when a surgeon cuts into a body, only ________, ___________l, ___________ and ___________ can be seen
Definition
arteries, arterioles, veins, venules
Term
most important structural feature of the _________ is their extreme thinness; only one layer of flat endothelial cells. tunica intima only, so that substances can pass through it on their way to or from cells
Definition
capillaries
Term
smooth muscle cells that guard the entrance to the capillary and determine how much blood will flow into each capillary
Definition
precapillary sphincters
Term
help maintain arterial blood pressure at a normal level
Definition
arterioles
Term
collect blood from capillaries and return it to the heart; serve as blood resevoirs because they carry blood under lower pressure and can expand to hold a larger volume of blood or constrict to hold a much smaller amount
Definition
venules and veins
Term
function as exchange vessels
Definition
capillaries
Term
___________ ___________ means that blood flows through vessels that are arranged to form a circuit or circular pattern
Definition
blood circulation
Term
blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and backto the right atrium
Definition
systemic circulation
Term
venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium
Definition
pulmonary circulation
Term
the route of blood flow through the liver
Definition
hepatic portal circulation
Term
veins from the _______ _________ __________ __________ and ________ do not pour their blood directly into the inferior vena cava as do the veins from other abdominal organs
Definition
spleen, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, and intestines
Term
circulation in the body before birth differs from circulation after birth because the fetus must secure oxygen and food from
Definition
maternal blood
Term
flexible structure connecting the fetus with the placenta, which allows the umbillical arteries and vein to pass
Definition
umbillical cord
Term
2 small arteries that carry oxygen-poor blood from the developing fetus to the placenta
Definition
umbillical arteries
Term
a large vein containing oxygen rich blood from the placenta to developing fetus
Definition
umbillical vein
Term
a continuation of the umbillical vein that shunts blood returning from the placenta past the fetus' developing liver directly into the inferior vena cava
Definition
ductus venosus
Term
shunts blood from the right atrium, allowing most blood to bypass the baby's developing lungs
Definition
foramen ovale
Term
connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery, allowing most blood to bypass the fetus' developing lungs
Definition
ductus arteriosus
Term
the difference between two blood pressures inthe body
Definition
blood pressure gradient
Term
abnormally high blood pressure
Definition
hypertension
Term
resistance to blood flow encountered in the peripheral arteries
Definition
peripheral resistance
Term
factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing the tension of smooth muscles in the vessel walls
Definition
vasometer mechanism
Term
venous blood pressure within the right atrium that influences the pressure in the large perifpheral veins
Definition
central venous pressure
Term
device used for measuring blood pressure in the arteries of a limb
Definition
sphygmomanometer
Term
force with which the blood pushes against the artery walls when the ventricles contract
Definition
systolic pressure
Term
blood pressure in the arteries during diastole of the heart
Definition
diastolic pressure
Term
push of blood as it flows through the circulatory system
Definition
blood pressure
Term
where does blood pressure exist
Definition
all blood vessels
Term
hypertension can result in
Definition
ruptured vessel, stroke
Term
hypotension can result in
Definition
blood stops flowing; perfusion
Term
direct cause of blood pressure is
Definition
volume
Term
strength and rate of heartbeat affect
Definition
blood pressure and cardiac output
Term
artery expanding and then recoiling alternately
Definition
pulse
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