Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Circulatory System
Class 107 - Test Review
59
Anatomy
Not Applicable
06/05/2006

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
HYPERTENSION RISK FACTORS
Definition
FACTORS INCLUDE:

genetics

arteriosclerosis (hardening/narrowing)

kidney disease (regulation of BP)

advancing age (normal breakdown)

obesity (larger body mass)

diabetes (blood thickens)

Term
HYPERTENSION
Definition
high blood pressure - sustained pressures greater than 140/90
Term
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Definition
heart attack

heart muscle dies (infarcts) because of lack of blood supply

Term
MASSAGE FOR ANGINA PECTORIS
Definition
beneficial if mild, for stress reduction

get MD consult first

work slowly

watch for shortness of breath & cyanosis (blue skin)

no massage in prone or left sidelying

no abdominal work

Term
ANGINA PECTORIS
Definition
chest pain that may radiate to the left shoulder and down the left arm or to the jaw
Term
SIGNS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Definition
SIGNS INCLUDE:

angina pectoris

shortness of breath

heartburn

fatigue

Term
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
Definition
heart muscle damage due to insufficient blood supply via coronary arteries - typically due to clot formation in coronary arteries
Term
MYOCARDIUM
Definition
heart muscle
Term
CORONARY ARTERIES
Definition
arteries that supply the heart
Term
CORONARY VEINS
Definition
veins that supply the heart
Term
RISK FACTORS FOR ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Definition
FACTORS INCLUDE:

genetics

diabetes

high fat diet

stress

smoking

Term
EMBOLUS
Definition
a blood clot that moves within a blood vessel
Term
THROMBUS
Definition
a blood clot formation within a vessel
Term
ISCHEMIA
Definition
decreased blood flow to a tissue causing pain and loss of function
Term
OCCLUSION
Definition
blockage of blood flow
Term
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Definition
thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in arteries - deposits of fatty plaques and scar tissues in arterial walls
Term
EFFECTS OF MASSAGE ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Definition
INCREASES CIRCULATION BY:

reducing tissue ischema & pain

supports removal of metabolic waste

increases oxygen & nutrient delivery

reduces edema by increasing fluid exchange

increases venous return to the heart

Term
ORDER OF BLOOD CIRCULATION
Definition
beginning at rt. atria -> right AV valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary artery (deoxygenated) -> capillaries of lungs -> pulmonary vein (oxygenated) -> left atria -> left AV valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta -> systemic arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins -> superior vena cava (clean lymph added here) -> right atria
Term
PULSE
Definition
the result of the wave motion of blood being pumped through the body
Term
FACTORS AFFECTING BLOOD PRESSURE
Definition
FACTORS INCLUDE:

blood volume - more force = more pressure

increase in heart rate (exercise, sympathetic nervous system)

increase in blood viscosity (thickness)

vasoconstriction (narrowing) of vessels

Term
DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE
Definition
lower blood pressure number - relaxed state.

85 and under - normal

85-89 - high normal

90-99 - hypertension, stage 1

100-109 - hypertension, stage 2

110-119 - hypertension, stage 3 (emergency)

120 and over - hypertension, stage 4 (emergency)

Term
SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE
Definition
higher blood pressure number - contracted state.

130 and under - normal

130-139 - high normal

140-159 - hypertension, stage 1

160-179 - hypertension, stage 2

180-209 - hypertension, stage 3 (emergency)

210 and over - hypertension, stage 4 (emergency)

Term
SYSTOLE
Definition
"Lub" sound

squeezing of the heart, highest pressure - is the higher BP number

Term
DIASTOLE
Definition
"Dub" sound

diolation, relaxation - relaxed pressure

lower BP number

Term
SINOATRIAL (SA) NODE
Definition
the main pacemaker in the heart - right side
Term
BRADYCARDIA
Definition
a slower-than-normal heartrate
Term
TACHYCARDIA
Definition
a faster-than-normal heartrate
Term
ARRHYTHMIA
Definition
heartrate that has no rhythm, such as skipping beats
Term
FACTORS THAT CONTROL HEARTRATE
Definition
FACTORS INCLUDE:

parasympathetic response

sympathetic response

body temperature (cold decreases heartrate/heat increases heartrate )

Term
ARTERIES
Definition
CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDE:

are high pressure vessels

delivers oxygenated blood (except for pulmonary artery)

are strong and elastic

Term
AORTA
Definition
largest artery in the body
Term
ARTERIOLES
Definition
smallest branch of arteries in the body

controls blood flow from arteries into capillaries

Term
CAPILLARIES
Definition
smallest and thinnest blood vessels, a single cell in width

responsible for nutrient delivery and waste removal

connects smallest arteriole with smallest venule

Term
VENULES
Definition
smallest branches of veins in the body
Term
BLOOD PRESSURE
Definition
the pressure or force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels/heart
Term
VEINS
Definition
CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDE:

low pressure vessels

returns deoxygenated blood (except for pulmonary vein)

contains valves that prevent backflow

movement of blood is dependent on skeletal muscle contraction

serves as blood reservoir

Term
FUNCTIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Definition
FUNCTIONS INCLUDE:

transports blood throughout the body - brings in nutrition, disposes of wastes

regulates body temperature - vasodilation/vasoconstriction

Term
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Definition
gas exchange from lungs
Term
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Definition
nutrient exchange from body (blood)
Term
PERICARDIUM
Definition
bag/sac-like layer around the heart
Term
SUPERIOR/INFERIOR VENAE CAVA
Definition
largest vein in the body - comes in above and below the heart
Term
PULMONARY ARTERY
Definition
artery that moves blood away from the heart and towards the lungs
Term
PULMONARY VEIN
Definition
vein that moves blood towards the heart from the lungs
Term
RIGHT/LEFT ATRIUM
Definition
super chambers in the heart - "waiting rooms"
Term
RIGHT/LEFT VENTRICLE
Definition
inferior chambers in the heart - in the "V" of the heart
Term
DIRECTION OF BLOOD FLOW - VEINS
Definition
vessels that carry blood towards the heart
Term
DIRECTION OF BLOOD FLOW - ARTERIES
Definition
vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Term
ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) VALVES
Definition
(right & left) valve located between the atrium and ventricle
Term
PULMONARY VALVE
Definition
valves going towards the lungs - right side of heart
Term
AORTIC VALVE
Definition
valve going towards the vessels of the body - left side of heart
Term
MASSAGE FOR HYPERTENSION
Definition
contraindicated if systolic is above 160 or diastolic is above 95

contraindicated anytime blood pressure is not under control with medication/lifestyle modifications

follow "cardiac precautions" under angina

Term
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Definition
disease when heart muscle weakens and cannot pump blood efficiently
Term
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Definition
SIGNS INCLUDE:

weakness

fatigue

shortness of breath

nonproductive cough

pitting edema in lower extremities

weight gain due to water and sodium retention

Term
VARICOSE VEINS
Definition
distended and twisted superficial veins - due to "broken" valves
Term
MASSAGE FOR VERICOSE VEINS
Definition
locally contraindicated for extreme cases and areas distal to the problem

in mild cases direct work is contraindicated, but is otherwise considered safe

Term
THROMBOPHLEBITIS
Definition
deep vein thrombosis

inflammation of a vein in conjunction with the formation of a thrombus clot - most common in calf & thigh

Term
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS OF THROMBOPHLEBITIS
Definition
redness, heat, swelling & pain

"hard cord" on affected vein

edema with discoloration distal to the area

aching calf pain

Term
RISKS OF THROMBOPHLEBITIS
Definition
risks include throwing a clot and causing a pulmonary embolus - clot that lodges in the lungs
Term
ANEURYSM
Definition
permanent dilation (bulging) in the wall of a vessel due to weakness or damage to the vessel wall - may rupture, causing bleeding or death

massage is contraindicated

Supporting users have an ad free experience!