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Circulation of the Blood
Terms and facts about circulation
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/14/2012

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Term
Arteriole
Definition
Small branch of an artery.
Term
Artery
Definition
Carries blood away from the heart and toward capillaries, under high pressure.
Term
Blood Pressure
Definition
Pressure of blood in the blood vessels; systolic/diastolic
Term
Blood Pressure Gradient
Definition
Difference between any two blood pressures in the body. Flows from high to low.
Term
Capillary
Definition
Carries blood from the arterioles to the venules. Only one layer; tunica intima.
Term
Central Venous Pressure
Definition
Venous blood pressure in right atrium; influences the pressure in the large peripheral veins.
Term
Endothelium
Definition
Simple squamous epithelial cells that line the inner surface of circulatory and lymphatic vessels.
Term
Peripheral Resistance
Definition
Resistance to blood flow encountered in peripheral arteries.
Term
Precapillary Sphincter
Definition
Smooth muscle cells that guard the entrance to the capillaries.
Term
Pulse
Definition
Alternate expansion and recoil of the blood vessel wall.
Term
Tunica Externa
Definition
Outer layer of blood vessels.
Term
Tunica Intima
Definition
Inner layer of endothelium, valves are present in veins.
Term
Tunica Media
Definition
Smooth muscle; thick in arteries, thin in veins.
Term
Vasomotor Mechanism
Definition
Factors that control changes in diameter of arterioles by changing tension in smooth muscles in the vessel walls.
Term
Vein
Definition
Carries blood toward the heart and away from capilliaries, under low pressure.
Term
Venule
Definition
Small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and join to form veins.
Term
Anaphylactic Shock
Definition
Circulatory Shock; blood vessel dilation from severe allergic reaction.
Term
Aneurysm
Definition
Abnormal widening of arterial wall.
Term
Angioplasty
Definition
Procedure in which occluded vessels are opened.
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
Hardening of arteries; material build-up on arterial walls, often hardening via calcification.
Term
Cardiogenic Shock
Definition
Circulatory shock; from heart failure.
Term
Circulatory Shock
Definition
Failure of the circulatory system to deliver enough oxygen to body tissue.
Term
Cyanosis
Definition
Light-skinned people look bluish; from low oxygen content in arterial blood.
Term
Gangrene
Definition
Tissue death (necrosis) that involves tissue decay.
Term
Hemorrhoid
Definition
Varicose vein in the rectum.
Term
Hypertension
Definition
HTN; abnormally high blood pressure.
Term
Hypovolemic Shock
Definition
Circulatory Shock; from drop in blood volume, blood loss.
Term
Ischemia
Definition
Reduced flow of blood to tissue resulting in impaired cell function.
Term
Necrosis
Definition
Death of cells in a tissue; often from ischemia (reduced blood flow).
Term
Neurogenic Shock
Definition
Circulatory shock; from nerve condition that relaxes blood vessels and decreases blood pressure.
Term
Phlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of a vein.
Term
Pulmonary Embolism
Definition
Blockage of the pulmonary circulation.
Term
Septic Shock
Definition
Circulatory shock; from septicemia (toxins in blood from infection).
Term
Sphygmomanometer
Definition
Device for measuring blood pressure in arteries of a limb.
Term
Thrombophlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of the vein along with blood clotting.
Term
Varices
Definition
Varicose veins.
Term
Varicose Vein
Definition
Enlarged veins in which blood pools.
Term
Myocardial Infarction
Definition
Death of cardiac muscle cells; from inadequate blood supply.
Term
Venous Reserve
Definition
65% of blood is stored in veins & venules.
Term
Metarterioles
Definition
Smaller than arterioles, lead to capillaries.
Term
Internal Respiration
Definition
Transfer of O2 and CO2 in the capillary beds.
Term
Vasoconstriction
Definition
Narrowing of the blood vessels; increases blood pressure.
Term
Vasodilation
Definition
Widening of blood vessels; decreases blood pressure.
Term
Conducting Artery
Definition
Also elastic artery; the Aorta.
Term
Mechanisms of Venous Blood Return
Definition
1.Strongly beating heart 2.Adequate arterial blood pressure 3.Valves in veins 4.Skeletal muscle pump 5.Respiratory pump
Term
Blood Vessel Flow
Definition
Arteries-Arterioles-Metarterioles-Precapillary Sphincters-Capillaries-Venules-Veins
Term
CVA
Definition
Cerebrovascular Accident/stroke; ischemia of brain tissue caused by embolism or hemorrhage.
Term
Factors of Blood Pressure
Definition
1.Blood volume 2.Strength of heart contractions 3.Heart rate 4.Blood viscosity 5.Peripheral resistance.
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