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Chp 6
Tissue and Bone
25
Anatomy
Professional
06/11/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Functions of skeletal system

Definition
  • Support
  • Storage of Mineral and Lipids
  • Blood Cell Production
  • Protection
  • Leverage
Term

 

 

Sutural Bones

Definition

 

 

 

 

  • Wormian bones - small, flat, irregular bones of the skull.
Term

 

 

 

Irregualr bones

Definition
  • Short, flat, notched or ridged surface.
  • Spinal vertebrae, bones of pelvis, some skull
Term

 

 

 

Short Bones

Definition
  • small and boxy
  • carpal(wrists)
  • tarsal(ankles)
Term

 

 

Flat Bones

Definition
  • Thin, parallel surfaces.
  • Roof of skull, sternum, ribs, scapulae.
  • Provide protection for underlying tissues
  • Provide surface area for attchment of skeletal muscles. 
Term

 

 

Long Bones

Definition
  • Long,slender
  • Arm, forearm, thigh, leg, palms, soles, fingers, toes
  • The femur, largest and heaviest.
Term

 

 

Sesamoid Bones

Definition
  • Sesame see shape, small, flat
  • Inside tendons, located near joints
  • Knees, hands, feet.   
Term

 

 

Spongy Bone

Definition
  • Network of struts and plates(latticework)with a thin covering, or cortex of compact bone. 
  • Superficial layer covering spongy bone is cortical bone
Term

 

 

Accounts for 2/3 of weight of bone.

Definition
  • Calcium phosphate .
Term

 

 

 

Name the 4 types of cells Bones contain.

Definition
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteoprogenitor Cells
  • Osteoclasts 
Term

 

 

 

Osteocytes

Definition
  • Mature bone that makes up most of the cell population.
  • Maintain the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix.
  • Partcipate in the repair of damaged bone. 
Term

 

 

 

Osteroblatsts

Definition
  • Produce new bone matrix(ossification/osteogenesis).
  • Make and relase proteins and other organic components of the matrix(osteoid).
  •  Assists in elevating local concentrations of calium phosphate above its solubility limit, triggering deposit of calcium salts within the matrix.
  • Thus converting osteoid into bone.
Term

 

 

 

 

Osteoprogenitor

Definition
  • Mesenchymal cells
  • Maintain populations of osteroblasts
  • Important in repair
  • Located in the inner, cellular layer(edosteum) that lines the passageways containing blood vessels that penetrate the matrix of compact bone.
Term

 

 

 

Osteoclasts

Definition
  • Cells that remove and reclyle bone matrix.
  • Large cells that contain 50 or more nuclei.
  • Derived from stem cells that produce macrophages.
  • Acids and proteolytic enzymes secreted by osteoclasts dissolve matrix and release stored minerals.(osteolysis), or resorption, important regulation of calcium and phosphate concentrations in body fluids.
Term

 

 

 

Intramembranous Ossification

Definition
  • Begins when osteoblasts differentiate within a mesenchymal or fibrous connective tissue.
  • Also called dermal ossification because it usually occurs within the dermal layer.   
Term

 

 

 

Osseous tissue if highly ______

Definition
  • Vascular
Term

 

 

 

3 sets of Blood Vessels develop:

Definition
  • Nutrient Artery and Vein-supply diaphysis form by invading the cartilage as endochondral ossification begins.
  •  Metaphyseal Vessels- supply blood to inner surface of each epiphyseal cartilage, where that cartilage is being replaced by bone.
  • Periosteal Vessels- Blood vessels from the periosteum provide blood to the superfial osteons of the shaft.
Term

 

 

A crack or break in a bone is called a

 

Definition

 

 

 

  • Fracture
Term

 

 

 

Repair of a fracture involves what?

Definition
  • Formation of a fracutre hematoma
  • External callus
  • Internal callus 
Term

 

 

 

______ Has a widespread effect on aging skeletal tissue.

Definition
  • Osteopenia
Term

 

 

 

 

Bone forms through____ and enlarges through___ growth and remodeling.

Definition
  • Ossification; appositional 
Term

 

 

 

_____ Plays a critical rold in bone physiology.

Definition
  • Calcium
Term

 

 

 

Spongy bone contains____ typically in an open network.

Definition
  • Trabeclae
Term

 

 

 

A disorder of bone growth that causes the most common type of dwarfism.

Definition
  • Achondroplasia
Term

 

 

Inadequate ossification

Definition
  • Osteopenia-begins between ages 30-40.(aging)
  • Osteoblasts activity begins to decline, while osteoclast activity continues at previous levels. 
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