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Chinese Dynasties
Chinese Dynasties and Description
18
History
Not Applicable
05/03/2008

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Ancient China
Definition

 

2200-500 BCE

 

Xia, Shang, Zhou dynasties.

Rice agricluture.

Ploytheism and veneration of ancestors

Term

Life of Confucious

Definition

551-479 BCE

 

Order comes from proper behavior based on relationships of superiority and inferiority.

 

Superiority comes from age, rank, gender (men over women).

Term

Period of the Warring States

Definition

403 BCE

 

*nearly 200 yrs of chaos after Xia, Shang, and Zhou

*Prior- Confucianism and Daoism were dominant philosophies

*China reverted to fuedalism (rich local families dominating countryside)

 

Term
Qin Dynasty
Definition

221 BCE

*Qin Shuangdi united China by force (he expanded his feudal kingdom and conquered his neigbors)

*Central gov. based on legalism

*He ruled strictly, emphasizing military and farming over education (burned books!)

Term
Early Han Dynasty
Definition

206 BCE

*Lasted over 400 yrs

*Liu Bang established Han quickly after Qin

*Combined both Confucianism and Legalism

*During the early Han Dynasty, there were good silk, paper, and iron technology

 

Term

Han Wudi

Definition

(early Han Dynasty)

*Centralized state, placing central officials in provinces

*taxed agrrculture and built roads, canals, and expanded military to control nomads near silk road

*Confucian education

 

Term

Late Han Dynasty

(were it all went wrong!)

Definition

23 CE

*Patriarchal society- male dominant :(

*Books were written to define gender roles and keep women subordinate to men!

*Most farmed, pop. grew

*Han Wudi raised taxes on peasants because wars in Central Asia became expensive

*Rich got richer/poor got poorer

* Poor families sold kids into slavery
*Peasants revolted! (yellow turban rebellion)
*smallpox, measles, plague killed many and hurt economy and government
Term
After Han Dynasty
Definition

220 CE 

regional states attempted to control China but none succeed...

*China reverts to feudalism

*One kingdom after another attempts to unify but is toppled

*Feudal armies ravage the country side in their wars to take-over

*Chaos and fear make new religions appealing, leading to the popularity of BUDDHISM during this time

Term
Sui Dynasty
Definition

604 CE

*Unified China for a short time

*Built grand canal and expanded Great Wall

 

During this time the built the grand canal and expanded the the Great Wall! How Suite! :P

Term
Tang Dynasty
Definition

618 CE

*Flourished under second emperor Tang Taizong

*Supported Confucianism, education, and the bureaucracy of merit (government jobs awarded to smartest confucian scholars

*Buddhism became popular and was supported by the gov for a while

*This all led to Neo-Confucianism which blended Confucian behavior to Buddhist ideas of afterlife/salvation/metaphysical

*Built roads, expanded to silk road, Korea, and Vietnam (tributary realtions)

*Foot binding began

*Inventions: Porcelain, gunpowder, printing, compass

*Equal feild system tried to keep land equal but ultimalety failed

*Careless rulers after Taizong failed

 

Term
Song Dynasty
Definition

960 CE

*survived over 300 yrs.

*Militarily weak so empire shrunk to become quite small

*Distrusted military generals and replaced them with Confucian scholars

*Expanded the # of gov. officials (bureaucrats), costing tonsof moneyand forcing higher taxes

*Rich in culture but lost land in the north to invaders

*Conquered by Mongols

Term
Yuan Dynasty
Definition

1279 CE                MONGOLS!!!!!!

*Kubilia began as a conqueror with a strong distaste for his farming neigbors

*Took over gov. jobs/appointed ousiders to help rule (ex: Marco Polo)

*Confucians lost jobs and status until end when some were invited back to help rule

*Confucian exam system removed

*RELIGION TOLERANT! :)

Term
Ming Dynasty
Definition

1368 CE

*Restored traditional Chinese values and tightly centralized state

*re-established Confucian education systems

*launched naval expeditions to assert power and reputation (Zheng He)

*Moved Capital to North (Beijing) and expanded Great Wall to control Mongols

*Built Forbidden City where Emperors lived an increasingly detached and luxurious life

*Public works fell into dispair and famine led to vast starvation

Term
Qing Dynasty
Definition

1644 CE
*Manchurian invasion from the North leads to another foreign dynasty ruling China

*While the Manchus passed rules to maintain their ethnic and cultural purity, they also supported traditional Chinese Confucian values 

*Many Confucian scholars preferred the Manchus over the declining Ming *Manchus supported public works projects to support the agricultural masses (flood control & irrigation) and also generously supported Confucian schools *Qing expanded militarily toward Central Asia and also imposed a protectorate on Tibet

* Europeans increasingly dominated Qing China

     -Brits sold opium to addicted Chinese public & won war forcing Chinese to accept it 

     -Europeans controlled parts of China and didn’t have to follow Chinese law  *Qing government was inept and emperor lived in isolation in the Forbidden City

*Brits kept the weak Qing government around so they could become rich off of China but avoid the cost of ruling

*The Qing had clearly lost the Mandate of Heaven.

Term

Chinese Republic

Definition

 1911 CE

*Nationalists overthrow humiliated Qing & establish weak republic

*Chaos remained and China lost land to Japan after WWI (1918)

*Japan invades during Great Depression & rule most of China until end of WWII (1945)

*Communist forces organize in 1921 (CCP) & fight valiantly against Japanese, scoring points w/peasants

*Communist popularity rising in China as weak Chinese Republic struggles on in civil war.

Term
Communist China
Definition

1949 CE

*Mao leads Communist Revolution in China

*Nationalists flee to Taiwan and claim to be legitimate government of China 

*Mao embarks on Communist plan for China, collectivizes agriculture and seeks to industrialize on 5-year plans

*Famine due to government policies and killing under Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution lead to over 20 million deaths under Mao’s rule

Term

Great Leap Forward

Definition

1958 CE

 

An attempt to catch-up with the west in the area of modernizing and technology

Term

Great Porletarian Cultural Revolution

Definition

1966 CE

 

10 year campaign to re-kindle revolutionary fervor and eliminate bourgeois values and the people who held them, including students and intellectuals

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