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Chemistry in the Body
N/A
44
Anatomy
12th Grade
10/07/2010

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Cards

Term
Acid
Definition
A compound whose dissociation in solution releases a hydrogen ion and an anion; an acidic solution has a pH below 7.0
Term
Active Sites
Definition
Region where substrates must bind to a special region of the enzyme
Term
Adenosine Triphosphate
Definition
A compound consisting of adenosine with two phosphate groups attached
Term
Amino Acids
Definition
Organic compounds whose chemical structure can be summerized as R-CHNH2-COOH
Term
Anabolism
Definition
The synthesis of complex organic compounds from simpler precursors
Term
Atoms
Definition
Smallest stable unit of matter
Term
Base
Definition
A compound whose dissociation releases a hydroxide ion or removes a hydrogen ion from the solution
Term
Buffers
Definition
Coupound that stabilizes the pH of a solution by removing or releasing hydrogen ions
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
An organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1
Term
Catabolism
Definition
The breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler components
Term
Cation
Definition
Ion with a positive charge
Term
Chemical bonds
Definition
Hold participating atoms together once reaction has ended
Term
Compound
Definition
Molecule containing two or more elements in combination
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
Chemical bond between atoms that involves the snaring of electrons
Term
Decomposition Reaction
Definition
Chemical reaction that breaks a molecule into smaller fragments
Term
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Definition
Nucleic acid consisting of a chain of nucleotides that contain the sugar dioxyribose and the nitrogenous bases
Term
Disaccharides
Definition
A compound formed by the joining of two simple sugars by deyhydration synthesis
Term
Electrolyte
Definition
Soluble inorganic compounds whose ions will conduct an electrical current in a solution
Term
Enzymes
Definition
A protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction
Term
Exchange reactions
Definition
Reaction in which two atoms or ions exchange places either in two different molecules or in the same molecule
Term
Fatty Acids
Definition
attached by dehydration synthesis reactions
Term
Free Radical
Definition
charged ion or molecule that has an unpaired electron in its outermost shell
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
break down large nutrient molecules into smaller molecules by the addition of water molecules
Term
Inorganic Compounds
Definition
lack carbon, structurally simple, and held together by ionic or covalent bonds
Term
Ion
Definition
an atom that has a positive or negative charge due to unequal numbers of protons and electrons
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
force of attraction between ions of opposite charges
Term
Lipids
Definition
contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
Molecule
Definition
when two or more atoms share electrons
Term
Monosaccharides
Definition
serve as source of chemical energy for generating the ATP that fuels metabolic reactions
Term
Monosaturated Fats
Definition
contain fatty acids with one double covalent bond between two fatty acid carbon atoms and thus are not completely saturated with hydrogen atoms
Term
Nitrogenous Bases
Definition
ring shaped molecules that contain atoms of C, H, O, and N
Term
Organic Compounds
Definition
always contain carbon, contain hydrogen, and always have covalent bonds
Term
Peptide
Definition
union of two or more amino acids
Term
Polysaccharides
Definition
large, complex carbohydrates that contain tens or hundreds of Monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis reactions
Term
Proteins
Definition
molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Term
Reversible Reactions
Definition
can go either direction under different conditions and are indicated by two half arrows pointing in opposite directions
Term
Salt
Definition
dissolved in water, dissociates into cations and anions, neither of which is H or OH
Term
Saturated Fats
Definition
contain only single covalent bonds between fatty acid carbon atoms
Term
Solute
Definition
material in which a liquid or gas was dissolved
Term
Solvent
Definition
a gas in which some other material, called a solute, has been dissolved
Term
Steroids
Definition
differs considerably from that of the triglycerides and phospholipids
Term
Substrates
Definition
the molecules on which the enzyme acts
Term
Synthesis Reaction
Definition
when two or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules
Term
Triglycerides
Definition
most plentiful lipids in your body and diet
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