Term
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Definition
| Taste, Sensations arising from taste buds |
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Term
| What are the 5 qualities of Taste? |
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Definition
| Salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami |
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Term
| What does umami refer to? |
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Definition
| the taste of certain amino acids - glutamic acid (MSG) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is Trigeminal irritation? |
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Definition
| Common chemical sense in both mouth and nose |
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Term
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Definition
| General Sensory Afferents, in oral and nasal mucosa respond to burning or cooling stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| Taste, Smell and Trigeminal sensations together |
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Term
| What is a common trigger for taste and smell loss? |
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Definition
| URI, upper respiratory infection |
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Term
| What disease can be diagnosed by biopsy of the olfactory mucosal with loss of smell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are taste buds located? |
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Definition
| tongue, oral mucosa of palate and epiglottis |
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Term
| Where are the fugiform papillae? |
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Definition
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Term
| What houses the taste bud? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of papillae are on the posterior tongue? |
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Definition
| Foliate and circumvallate |
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Term
| What innervates the anterior tongue taste buds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the greater superficial Nerve innervate? What is it a branch of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What innervates the Posterior tongue taste buds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What innervates the epiglottis taste buds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which papillae are the largest and contain hundreds of taste buds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ganglia holds the cell bodies for the nerves that innervate the fungiform and palatal taste buds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ganglia is associated with the Circumvallate and foliate taste buds? |
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Definition
Petrosal Ganglion
(Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia) |
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Term
| What ganglia holds the cell bodies of nerves that innervate the epiglottal taste buds? |
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Definition
Nodose Ganglia
(Infereior vagal ganglia) |
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Term
| What Cranial nerve has its cell bodies in the geniculate ganglion for taste? |
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Definition
Facial Nerve VII
-Chorda Tympani
-Greater Superficail nerve |
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Term
| What CN has its cell bodies in the petrosal ganglion? |
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Definition
| Glossopharyngeal nerve IX |
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Term
| What CN has its cell bodies in the Nodose ganglion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the life span of a taste bud? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of cells are the taste receptor cells? |
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Definition
modified epithelial cells, not neurons
Have ability to depolarize in response to stimulation and release neurotransmitters |
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Term
| How is the taste bud arranged? |
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Definition
| Onion-shaped clusters of taste receptor cells |
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Term
| How do salts and acids depolarize taste cells? |
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Definition
| interacting directly with ion channels |
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Term
| How do Sweet, bitter, and umami depolarize taste cells? |
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Definition
| stimulate G-protein-coupled receptors |
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Term
| How is the afferent nerve stimulated? |
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Definition
| Stimulation with taste chemicals, depolarization, Ca influx, transmitter released onto afferent nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| receptors for sweet and umami taste |
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Term
| How many genes encode T1Rs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What responds to most sweet stimuli? |
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Definition
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Term
| What responds to most L-type amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many genes encode receptors for bitter taste? What are those receptors called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the thalamocortical pathway? |
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Definition
| Taste bud -> Rostral part of nucleus of the solitary tract in medulla (via CN) -> VPM of Thalamus-> Taste Area of cortex (Insula and Opercular Cortex) |
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Term
| What is the hedonic component of taste? |
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Definition
those connections to the limbic system that are involved in motivation.
Feeding and Reward |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is hypogeusia? What is this typically associated with? |
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Definition
reduction in taste
upper respiratory illness |
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Term
| What can a diminished taste lead to? |
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Definition
| compromised nutritional intake and anorexia |
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Term
| What are alcoholics more likely to prefer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the olfactory receptor neurons found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the ORNs form? Where do they project? |
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Definition
olfactory nerve CNI
olfactory bulb |
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Term
| What structure do the axons of the receptor neurons pass through in route to the olfactory bulb? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the olfactory receptors found? |
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Definition
| cilia of the olfactory neurons |
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Term
| What are the olfactory receptors? |
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Definition
| huge family of 7 transmembrane domain proteins |
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Term
| How many olfactory receptor genes are there? How many are functional? |
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Definition
| 630 genes, half are functional |
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Term
| What 2 pathways do odorants use to depolarize the cells? |
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Definition
| cAMP pathway OR IP3 pathway |
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Term
| What type of channel does the IP3 pathway open? |
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Definition
| Ca channel, which gates a Cl- conductance |
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Term
| How does the cAMP pathway work? |
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Definition
| gates a non-specific cation channel |
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Term
| What does depolarization of the olfactory receptor cells lead to? |
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Definition
| AP -> olfactory bulb -> realeases transmitter onto dendrites of high-order neurons in the bulb |
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Term
| What part of the stimuli interacts with residues in the binding pockets of the the receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we recognize the huge amount of odors with limited numbers of receptors? |
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Definition
| Receptors can bind more than one stimulus and a stimulus with multiple epitopes may recognize multiple receptors |
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Term
| What do the ORNs synapes on in the olfactory bulb? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many different types of receptors do each ORN have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many different types of ORNs converge on a single glomerulus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the output neurons of the bulb? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do Mitral and Tufted cells send their axons? |
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Definition
olfactory cortex and amygdala (limbic system)
hippocampus (memory) |
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Term
| Where are the dendrites of the mitral and tufted cells? |
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Definition
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