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Chaptert Six Flashcards
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16
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/10/2013

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Term
Appositional Bone Growth
Definition
Growth by forming new layers on the surface of pre-existing layers; process of increasing in thickness rather than length.
Term
Ossification
Definition
The formation of or conversion into bone or a bony substance.
Term
Endochondrial Ossification
Definition
The ossification that occurs in and replaces cartilage.
Term
Intramembranous Ossification
Definition
The ossification that occurs in and replaces connective tissue.
Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
(126 bones) Bones of skull, thorax, and vertebral column; Forms longitudinal axis of body
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
(80 bones) Bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton.
Term
Flat Bones
Definition
Thin, roughly parallel surfaces. (sternum)
Term
Sutural Bones
Definition
Irregular bones formed between cranial bones.
Term
Long Bones
Definition
Relatively long and slender bones. (bones in limbs)
Term
Irregular Bones
Definition
Bones with complex shapes (facial bones)
Term
Sesamoid Bones
Definition
Small, flat, and somewhat shaped like a sesame seed. (develop in tendons of hands, knees, feet)
Term
Short Bones
Definition
Small, Boxy bones. (carpals, tarsals)
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
Mature bone cells that cannot divide; most numerous bone cell type; maintain protein and mineral content of adjacent matrix.
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
Produces new bone matrix (osteogenesis or ossification)
Term
Osteoprogenitor Cells
Definition
Mesenchymal (stem) cells that produce cells that differentiate into osteoblasts; important in fracture repair.
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Remove and remodel bone matrix; huge cell 50+ nuclei.
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