Term
| What are the five layers of the epidermis |
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Definition
| Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum sponisum & stratum basale |
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Term
| What are the two layers of the dermis |
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Definition
| Papillary layer and reticular layer |
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Term
| What does the stratum granulosum contain |
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Definition
| lamellated granules & keratohyaline |
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Term
| What does the stratum spinosum contain |
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Definition
| Langerhans' cells & epidermal dendritic cells |
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Term
| What does the stratum basale contain |
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Definition
Melanocytes & Merkel Cells (receptor cells)
Also, this layer contains germinal cells (cells that undergo mitosis veru regularly) |
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Term
| What specific structures does the dermis layer contain |
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Definition
This layer is innervated, vascularized & contains lymphatic vessels
Eccrine sweat glands, hair root & follicle, sabaceous oil glands, pacinian corpuscle, arrector pili & Meissner's corpuscles |
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Term
| What is the dermal reticular layer composed of and what kind of collagen fibers run through it |
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Definition
| It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue & it contains flexion and tension lines of collagen fibers |
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Term
| What does the dermal papillary layer contain |
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Definition
| capillary loops, free nerve endings, Meissner's corpuscles (touch receptors) & dermal ridges |
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Term
What are the functions & composition of hair
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Definition
The functions of hair are: protection, sensing light touch, prevention of heat loss, shield sunlight (in my case absorb UV rays), filter air particles
They are mostly dead cells composed of keratinized cells |
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Term
| what are the functions of nails and what are they composed of |
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Definition
The functions of nails are: protect the distal ends of fingers & used as "primative tools"
New cells are keratinized and pushed distally to form nail plate |
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Term
| what are the functions of the integumentary system |
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Definition
| protection (physical barrier; hair, nails & skin), body temperature regulation (hair), cutaneous sensations (sensory receptors), bodily fluids (blood reservoir) & excretion |
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Term
| What are the three steps in tissue repair |
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Definition
| inflammation (capillaries become dilated-WBCs, antibodies and clotting agents seep into wound), organization (fibroblasts secrete collagen to bridge gap)& regeneration and fibrosis (fibrosed area forms and epithelium tissue has regenerated) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| yellow skin tone, symptoms of liver disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| metallic skin tone, addison's disease |
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Term
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Definition
| hematoma, clotted blood masses beneath the skin as a result of internal bleeding |
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Term
| What are the functions of the skeletal system |
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Definition
| support & movement of the body, formation of hematopoesis, mineral & growth factor storage |
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Term
| what are the three tpes of skeletal cartilage |
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Definition
| hyaline, elastic & fibrocartilage |
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Term
| where is elastic cartilage located in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| where is hyaline cartilage located in the body |
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Definition
| articular, respiratory, costal & nasal |
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Term
| where is fibrocartilage located in the body |
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Definition
| knee joints & in between vertebrae & the pubic symphysis |
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Term
| What are the two ways in which cartilage grows |
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Definition
| appositional growth and interstitial growth |
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Term
| what is appositional growth |
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Definition
| this is when chondrogenic cells in the pericardium secrete new matrix on the external face of existing cartilage |
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Term
| what is interstitial growth |
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Definition
| interstitial growth is when chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete new matrix from within |
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Term
| what are the four classifications of bone |
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Definition
| long, short, flat & irregular |
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Term
| What are the three major macroscopic structures of long bones |
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Definition
| diaphysis (shaft), distal & proximal epiphyses |
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Term
| What are the three layers of the periosteum |
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Definition
| blood supply (outer), fibrous layer, osteogenic layer (inner; composed of osteoblasts and osteoclasts) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the microscopic structures of compact bone |
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Definition
| the central canal (haversian canal-contains arteries, veins and nerves), lacunae, & lamellae (concentric circles that run in alternating patterns) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Before 8 weeks, and embryo's skeleton is mainly composed of |
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Definition
| hyaline cartilage & fibrous cartilage |
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Term
| Bone tissue eventually replaces most of the hyaline and fibrous cartilage in two ways, what are they |
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Definition
| intermembraneous (flat bones-skull and clavicles), and endochondral (long bone production) |
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Term
| list the steps of intramembraneous ossification |
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Definition
| ossification center appears, osteoid are secreted, trabeculae and periosteum form, periosteum thickens and vascular tissue becomes red marrow |
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Term
| what are the steps in endochondral ossification |
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Definition
| bone collar forms, diaphysis cartilage is calcified and develops cavities, peristeal invades calcified center forming spongy bone, diaphysis lengthens and pushes epiphyses away from center (secondary ossification centers appear), epiphyses ossify |
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Term
| how does hormones regulate bone growth |
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Definition
during infancy: growth hormones stimulate epiphyseal plate cartilage activity
during puberty: sex hormones are released in increasing amounts and growth spurts, to mascularize and feminize certain bones and eventually induce closure of epiphyseal plate |
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Term
| how are fractures repaired |
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Definition
| hematoma forms, fibrcartilaginous callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs |
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