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| Constitutional convention |
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-Covention that met in Philadelphia to draft the Constitution of the United States
-Reached this agreement at the Annapolis Convention |
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-Drafted by the second Continental Congress
-a "firm league of friendship"
-a "loose alliance" of independent states |
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-Congress
-responsible for making the laws |
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-president
-puts the laws passed by congress into action |
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-courts
-interpret/apply the laws in their cases |
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-supported constitution
-James Madison
-Alexander Hamilton
-John Jay |
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-against constitution
-patrick henry
-john hancock
-sam adams |
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-wanted strong national gov
-wrote the 85 essays to win approval in new york
-offered a defense of the constitution
-feared people more than gov |
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-wanted to keep state govs and rights of individuals
-say constitution is betrayl of the American Rev
-feared gov more than people |
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-many wanted it because they thought the constitution needed a clear declaration of rights of the people
-the 1st 10 amendments of the constitution |
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-85 essays written by Federalists aimed at voters in new york
-carefully explained the features of the proposed constitution and responded forcefully to many objections that had been raised |
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-act or statement that become an example, rule, or tradition to be followed
-needed to answer important questions on how the new nation was to be governed |
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-Formal group of advisors appointed by Washington
-1st resource for guidence |
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-foreign affairs
-thomas jefferson |
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-foreign affairs
-Henry knox |
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| secretary of the treasury |
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-domestic affairs
-alexander hamilton |
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-domestic affairs
-edmund randolph |
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-group of farmers in debt because of war
-during the war they were prosperous
-Daniel Shay led a group of angry farmers and started shutting down debt collectors
-merchants paid for these people
-if peasants can do this then we need a better national army |
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-AKA the large state plan
-strong national union with supremacy over state legislatures
-3 branches of gov
-bicameral (2 houses) legislature with representation for each state based on population |
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-AKA connecticut compromise
-small vs. large
-a house of representatives apportioned among the states based on population (initially 65 now 435)
-A senate consisting of 2 senators from each state to be choses by state legislatures |
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-difficult to trade between states
-many quarrels between states and nobody to reconcile them
-fear of foreign military intervention (eng/fr)
-gov lacked power to tax and raise a military
-shay's rebellion |
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-used by the federalists to weaken republic
-impedes on the constitutions 1st amendment
-president given the power to arrest and deport citizens of other countries living in the US |
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-republics newspapers were targeted
-illegal to say anything "false, scandalous, and malicious" against the government |
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-the election of 1800
-federalists j adams (#1) and charles pickney (#2)
-REpublicans t jefferson (#1) and aaron Burr (#2)
-Jefferson and burr tied with 73 EC votes
-house of reps had to decide the tie
-alexander hamilton referred to as "an unfit and dangerous man"
-Jefferson takes office-3rd president |
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| -rejection as in when a state judges a federal law to be unconstitutional |
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-headed by t jefferson
-favored a strict interpretation of the constitution
-favored a weak national gov
-opposed the national bank
-favored paying off national debt
-pro-agriculture
-against large standing armies and navies
-political power should be in the hands of the common man
-pro-french |
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| Federalists (polit party) |
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-headed by alexander hamilton
-favored a loose interpretation of constitution
-favored strong national gov
-favored using national debt to establish credit
-pro-business
-for strong standing armies and navies
-political power should be in hands of wealthy
-pro-brit |
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| sent to explore the southern part of louisiana territory, had some difficulty with the spanish |
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-a mid-night judge
-never recieved his official papers
-sued madison for not giving the papers when ordered not to but adams appointed him as justice of peace |
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-former secretary of state
-appointed as chief justice
-jefferson's cousein
-helped establish many important principles of constitutional law
-established the power of "judicial review" |
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| one branch can limit the power of another branch |
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-seneca
-fought w/ brit in rev war
-forced to live on reservation
-called for a rebirth of seneca culture that would blend native american customs with those of the white americans
-urged natives to abandon war and give more attention to traditional indian rituals |
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-slave states vs. free states
-north vs. south
-can only have 3/5 of state pop be slaves |
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-whiskey tax is controversal
-corn farmers in PA rebeled because whiskey was one of alonly ways to transport corn to market w/o it spoiling
-George washington sent 1200 men to them to show the strength of the gov and shut down the rebellion |
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-to approve something
-9/13 states had to accept the constitution |
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| the father of the constitution |
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-tax on imports
-raises money for gov
-domestic goods are cheaper-helpd out merchants |
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-Congress approved a plan
-federal gov would take reponsibility for debt
-controvers-southern states had already paid for their debts and northern stated hadn't (n stats off the hook?)
-if southern states went along with this then they got to relocate into southern territory along the potamac river |
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| Hamilton's financial plan: ideas |
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-purpose of gov is to promote business
-admired the wealthy and want them vested in gov
-mistrusted common men and wanted strong national gov |
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| Hamilton's financial plan: objectives |
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-stabalize the economy and establish the nation's good credit
-demonstrate the new gov's strength
-tie interests of rich to the success of new gov
-promote american business overseas
-anchor foreign relations with eng |
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| federalists vs. jeffersonian republicans |
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| federalist interpretation of constitution |
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| republican's interpretation of constitution |
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| -british take people off the trading ships and immediately enlist them in their army |
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| british ship "lepard" attacks U.S.'s "Chesapeake", kills 21 and takes many more leads to the embargo act |
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-freedom of the seas: if neutral country trades on high seas it should be able to do so unharassed
-fr violated u.s. merchants
-fr agents: X,Y,Z
-bribe:$250000 and a loan to fr of $10 mil
-"millions for defense but not one cent for tribute"
-undeclared naval war w/ fr |
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-established by marshall
-supreme court has the final say on the constitution
-makes central gov more powerful |
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| Virginia and Kentucky resolutions |
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-in response to alien and sedition acts
-T jefferson and j madison
-nullification-refusal to accept the laws |
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-Napoleon in power in fr and took lousiana over from spain, in debt and agrees to sell it to us
-jefferson sent someone to get louisiana
-they pay 15 mil (4 cents per acre) for the whole thing, which is a good deal but don't know what jefferson will think |
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after chesapeake
-outlawed almost all foreign trade with foreign countries
-makes the people very mad
-jefferson's presidency hurts after this |
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brit orders it:
-forbade any ships to trade with france |
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-taxes: tariff and whiskey tax
-national bank |
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| henry clay and john calhoun |
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| -tried to persuade the other chiefs to seek a peace settlement rather than face military defeat |
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-rep as a talented war chief
-believed that the indians' only hope of resisting u.s. expansion was to unite by overcoming local and group differences |
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