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Chapters 3-5 Multiple Choice and Vocab
Quiz 2
159
Computer Networking
Undergraduate 3
12/04/2013

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Term
Switch S1 and Switch S2 are both configured with ports in the Marketing, sales, Production, and Admin VLANs. Each VLAN contains 12 users. How many subnets are needed to address the VLANs?
Definition
4
Term
What mechanism is used to achieve the separation between different VLANs as the cross a trunk link?
Definition
VLAN tagging using 802.1Q protocol
Term
What are two options to consider when configuring a trunk link between to switches?
Definition
Port security cannot be configured on the trunk interface.
The native VLAN must be the same on both ends of the trunk link.
Term
A 12 port switch has been configured to support three VLANs named Sales, Marketing, and Finance. Each VLAN spans four ports on the switch. The network administrator has deleted the Marketing VLAN from the switch. What two statements describe the status of the ports associated with this VLAN?
Definition
The ports are inactive.
The ports will remain part of the Marketing VLAN until reassigned to another VLAN.
Term
Which Three Statements are true about hosts configured in the same VLAN?
Definition
Hosts in the same VLAN must be on the same IP subnet.
Hosts in the same VLAN share the same broadcast domain.
Hosts in the same VLAN comply with the same security policy.
Term
Refer to figure 3-34. Host C is unable to transfer data because it does not have the MAC address of the destination host. If Host C sends out an ARP request, which of the other hosts will see the message?
Definition
Host B
Term
Each port Associated with specific VLAN
Definition
Static
Term
Manual configuration of port assignment required
Definition
Static
Term
Ports work out their own configuration
Definition
Dynamic
Term
Less administrative overhead when users moved
Definition
Dynamic
Term
Requires administrator interaction when users moved
Definition
Static
Term
Configured based on database
Definition
Dynamic
Term
Range 1-1000
Definition
Normal
Term
Range 1006-4049
Definition
Extended
Term
Not learned by VTP
Definition
Extended
Term
Stored in vlan.dat
Definition
Normal
Term
Default management VLAN
Definition
Vlan 1
Term
Default native VLAN
Definition
Vlan 1
Term
All ports are a member of by default
Definition
Vlan 1
Term
Refer to figure 3-35. Brand new switches with empty MAC address tables are interconnected via a trunk link. All hosts on both switches are configured with the VLAN memberships shown. How is a frame sent from Host A forwarded to Host B?
Definition
Swithc SW1 tags the frame with VLAN ID 10, and the frame is then flooded to all hosts on switch SW2 that are members of VLAN 10.
Term
Refer to Example 3-29. Host 1 is connected to interface F0/4 with IP address 192.168.1.22/28. Host 2 is connected to interface F0/5 with IP address 192.168.1.33/28. Host 3 is connected to interface F0/6 with IP address 192.168.30/28. Select three statements that describe the success of pinging from one host to another.
Definition
Host 1 cannot ping Host 2
Host 1 can ping Host 3
Host 2 cannot ping Host 3
Term
Which three options accurately associate the Catalyst switch command with the result?
Definition
show vlan id
show vlan
show interface f0/1 switchport
Term
switchport mode trunk
Definition
Configures the port as a permanent 802.1Q trunk
Term
switchport mode dynamic desireable
Definition
Configures the port to negotiate a trunk
Term
switchport nonegotiate
Definition
Configures the trunk to not send DTP packets
Term
switchport mode access
Definition
Disables trunk mode
Term
Native VLAN mismatch
Definition
The VLAN configured for untagged frames is not the same on two switches connected by a trunk
Term
Trunk mode mismatch
Definition
Both switches are configured to dynamic auto and will not negotiate a link
Term
Incorrect VLAN list
Definition
Not all the VLANs needed are allowed to traverse a trunk
Term
VLAN subnet conflict
Definition
Two VLANs are sharing the same address space
Term
Wich three options accurately associate static, dynamic, or voice VLAN membership with the port membership statement?
Definition

Static VLAN port membership: Port on a switch that maintains its assigned VLAN configuration until it is changed manually.

Dynamic VLAN port membership: Port on a switch using VMPS and associating a port to a VLAN based on the source MAC address.

Voice VLAN port membership: Access port atached to an IP phone, configured to use one VLAN for vice traffic and another VLAN for data traffic.

Term
How does VTP affect VLAN administration?
Definition
VTP propagates VLAN names to all switches in a VTP domain.
Term
A Catalyst switch must be in which VTP mode to delete or add VLANs to a management domain?
Definition
Server
Term
What is the purpose of VTP transparent mode?
Definition
It enables VTP advertisements to pass through a nonparticipating switch.
Term
Two switches running VTP are connected with an 802.1Q trunk link. One of the switches is not receiving VTP update information. What could cause this problem?
Definition
The VTP domain name is not the same on both switches.
Term
A switch in a VTP domain sends an advertisement request. What will be the response?
Definition
Summary and subset advertisements will be sent by the VTP server.
Term
Which function, when enabled on a switched network, prevents broadcasts, multicast, and unknown unicast traffic to a VLAN from being flooded to switches that do not have that particular VLAN assigned to them?
Definition
VTP pruning
Term
Which three options are required when adding a new switch to an existing VTP domain?
Definition

All VTP switches must use the same version of VTP.

The VTP domain names must be identical.

The connection to the VTP domain must be a trunked link.

Term
VTP Clients
Definition
specifies that the switch cannot create or delete VLANs shared in VTP advertisements.
Term
Domain
Definition
configures the name used to determine which switches belong to the same management group.
Term
Pruning
Definition
restricts flooded traffic to trunk links that the traffic must use to reach destination devices.
Term
What is the purpose of the VLAN Trunking Protocol?
Definition
Maintaining consistency in VLAN configuration across the network.
Term
See Figure 4-33. Switch SW1 and Switch Sw2 are configured in the same VTP domain but fail to exchange VLAN information. What could be done to fix the problem?
Definition
Configure the same password on the VTP client and VTP server.
Term
A network engineer is implementing a new VLAN design on an existing structure. The show vlan command shows that none od the new VLANs are synchronizing on the other network switches. All switches can ping each other and trunking is correct. What is the likely problem?
Definition
The switch rejoined the network with the revision number set to zero.
Term
Transparent Mode
Definition
forwards VTP advertisements that are received out the trunk ports, but cannot advertise and synchronize the VLAN configuration based on received advertisements.
Term
Client Mode
Definition
advertises and synchronizes the VLAN configuration to other switches in the same VTP domain, but cannot create, change, or delete VLANs
Term
Server
Definition
creates, modifies, and deletes VLANs and specifies other configuration parameters, such as VTP version and VTP pruning for the entire VTP domain.
Term
See figure 4-34. The switches in the exhibit are interconnected by trunk links and are configured for VTP as shown. A new VLAN is added to Switch 1. Which three actions will occur?
Definition

Switch 1 will send VTP update to Switch 2.

Switch 2 will add the VLAN ato its database and pass the update to Switch 3.

Switch 3 will pass the VTP update to Switch 4.

Term
Which are two problems associated with redundant switched Ethernet topologies?
Definition

Broadcast storms

multiple frame copies

Term
Refer to figure 5-98. The network is not running spanning-tree protocol. What would be the result if an ARP request were sent by the workstation?
Definition
The frame will loop between SW-1 and SW-2 repeatedly.
Term
Refer to figure 5-99. How will spanning tree prevent switching loops in the network shown if all switches have only the default VLAN configured?
Definition
A single switch will be elected as the root switch, and redundant paths to this switch will be blocked.
Term
What must a switch running spanning tree do when it is first turned on?
Definition
Learn the lowest BID of all switches in the network.
Term
CST
Definition
is a single instance of spanning tree encompassing every VLAN in the LAN.
Term
MSTP
Definition
reduces the number of spanning-tree instaces required to support large nuumbers of VLANs.
Term
PVST
Definition
suppports the use of ISL trunking and load balancing.
Term
PVST+
Definition
supports BPDU guard, root guard, and the use of IEEE 802.1Q trunking.
Term
Rapid PVST+
Definition
supports equivalent functionality to BackboneFast, UplinkFast, and PortFast, is used based on IEEE 802.1w, and functions per-VLAN.
Term
RSTP
Definition
incorperated into IEEE 802.1D-2004; supporst equivalent functionality to BackboneFast, UplinkFast, and PortFast.
Term
Which three ports will discard data traffic during STP operation?
Definition

Blocking ports

Disabled ports

Listening ports

Term
Learning
Definition
recieves/processes BPDUs. populates MAC address table
Term
Disabled
Definition
does not process BPDUs
Term
Forwarding
Definition
receives/processes BPDUs, populates MAC address table, sends data frames
Term
Listening
Definition
receives/processes and transmits BPDUs
Term
Blocking
Definition
recieves/processes BPDUs
Term
Which three timers determine the STP performance and state changes?
Definition

Hello time

Forward delay

Maximum age

Term
Refer to figure 5-100. What will be the result of the spanning tree root bridge election process in the network if each switch supports one and the same VLAN?
Definition
Cat-C will be the root bridge
Term
PVST+provides support for each IEEE standard?
Definition
ISL
Term
Which two characteristics are asscoiated with RSTP?
Definition
Preferred protocol for preventing Layer 2 loops Forward delay and max age timers are unneeded.
Term
What is a characteristic of an RSTP edge port?
Definition
Once enabled, it immediately transitions to the forwarding state.
Term
When implementing RSTP for non-edge ports, which two categories of link types are available?
Definition

Shared

Point-to-point

Term
What method does RSTP use to decrease the time it takes to designate a new root port when existing root port fails?
Definition
Prenegotiated alternate ports for the root port.
Term
A switch currently has only one VLAN configured and is running single instance of rapid spanniing tree. Which action will create a second rapid spanning tree instance?
Definition
Assigning a port to a VLAN other than VLAN 1
Term
Refer to figure 5-101. Spanning-tree port priorities are listed. S4 port Gio/1 is currently in RSTP discarding state. What action would change the state to forwarding?
Definition
Changing the port role for Gio/1 using the spanning-tree port priority command.
Term
Refer to figure 5-27. Which two statemetns are true regarding th VLAN0001 spanning-tree environment in which switch SW3 is participating?
Definition
SW3 is directly connected to port 16 on the root switch. SW3 is using the timers advertised by the root switch.
Term
Refer to figure 5-28. Why would interface F0/4 have spanning-tree PortFast disabled?
Definition
Interfaces F0/1-3 are connected to end stations, whereas interface F0/4 is connected to another Layer 2 device.
Term
allowed VLAN
Definition
Each VLAN trunk supports a set of allowed VLANs.
Term
alternate port
Definition
A switch port in an RSTP topology that offers an alternate path toward the root bridge.
Term
backup port
Definition
In an RSTP tolpology, this is a switch port on a designated bridge with a redundant link to the segment for which the switch is designated.
Term
black hole VLAN
Definition
The black hole VLAN for a switch or switched infrastructure is defined by the switch administrator as a dummy VLAN distinct from all other VLANs.
Term
blocking state
Definition
A port is in blocking state if it is a nondesignated port and does not participate in frame forwarding.
Term
bridge ID (BID)
Definition
The bridge ID is composed of a priority value, an extended system ID, and the reserved MAC address from the switch.
Term
bridge priority
Definition
The first parameter used in building a spanning-tree topology.
Term
bridge protocol date unit (BPDU)
Definition
A spanning-tree protocol Ethernet frame that is sent out at regular intervals to exchange information among bridges in the network relating to spanning-tree topology formation.
Term
Canonical Format Identifier (CFI)
Definition
A single bit flag value in the IEEE 802.1Q header.
Term
configuration BPDU
Definition
Used by STP to build a loop-free topology.
Term
data VLAN
Definition
A VLAN that is configured to carry only user-generated traffic.
Term
default VLAN
Definition
The VLAN that all the ports on a switch are members of when a switch is reset to factory defaults.
Term
designated bridge
Definition
The bridge that incurs the lowest path cost when forwarding a frame from a segment to the root bridge.
Term
designated port
Definition
In spanning-tree, a nonroot switch port that is permitted to forward traffic on the network.
Term
disabled port
Definition
A port that is administratively shut down.
Term
disabled state
Definition
A switch port is in the spanning-tree disabled state if it is adminstatively shut down.
Term
discarding state
Definition
An RSTP port state seen in both a stable active topology and during topology synchronization changes.
Term
dynamic auto
Definition

A DTP setting whereby the local switch port advertises to the remote switch port that it is able to trunk but does not request to go to the trunking state.

 

Term
dynamic desirable
Definition
A DTP setting whereby the local switch port advertises to the remote switch port that it is able to trunk and asks the remote switch port to go to the trunking state.
Term
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
Definition
A Cisco-proprietary protocol that negotiates both the status and encapsulation of trunk ports.
Term
dynamic VLAN
Definition
VLAN port membership modes are either static or dynamic.
Term
edge port
Definition
An RSTP edge port switch port that is never intended to be connected to another switch device.
Term
extended system ID
Definition
Consitutes 12 bits of the 8-byte BID and contains the ID of the VLAN with which and STP BPDU is associted.
Term
Flash
Definition
Technology developed by Intel and licensed to other semiconductor companies.
Term
forward delay
Definition
The time a switch port spends in STP listening state after the port is activated for bridging and before forwarding begins.
Term
forwarding state
Definition
An STP port in forwarding state is considered part of the active topology and forwards data frames as well as sending and recieving BPDU frames.
Term
hello time
Definition
The value of a field in a BPDU frame that specifies how frequently BPDUs are tras=nsmitted.
Term
IEEE 802.1Q
Definition
A project in the IEEE 802 standards process to develop a mechansim to allow multiple bridged networks to transparently share the smae physical network ling without leaking information between networks.
Term
IEEE 802.1p
Definition
A standard that provides traffic class expediting.
Term
inter-switch link (ISL)
Definition
A Cisco-proprietarty protocol that maintains VLAN information as traffic flows between switches and routers, or switches and switches.
Term
learning state
Definition
The IEEE 802.1D learning state is seen in both a stable active topology and during topology synchronization changes. Ports accepts data frames
Term
listening state
Definition
The IEEE 802.1D listening state is seen in both stable active topology and during topology synchromnization changes.The port cannot send or recieve data frames
Term
load balance
Definition
The capability of a networking device to distribute traffic over some of its network ports on the path to the destination.
Term
management VLAN
Definition
A VLAN defined by the switch administrator as a means of accessing the management capabilities of a switch.
Term
maximum age
Definition
An STP timer that controls the maximum length of time a switch port saves configuration BPDU information.
Term
message age
Definition
A field in a BPDU that specifies a metric for distance from the root bridge.
Term
Multiple Instance Tree Protocol (MISTP)
Definition
A prestandard version of MSTP used on Catalyst 6000 Family switches running CatOS.
Term
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)
Definition
MSTP, introduces as IEEE 802.1s, is an evoultion of IEEE 802.1D STP and IEEE 802.1(RSTP).
Term
native VLAN
Definition
A native VLAN is assigned to an IEEE 802.1Q trunk port. AN IEEE 802.1Q trunk port supports tagged and untagged traffic coming from many VLANs
Term
nondesignated port
Definition
An STP port dynamically configured to be in a blocking state to prevent loops.
Term
nonegotiate
Definition
The nonegotiate trunking option sets the local port to be in an unconditional trunking state with DTP disabled.
Term
out-of-bound
Definition
Refers to any type of access of a networking device operating system by means other than the network itself.
Term
path cost
Definition
The cumulative STP cost from a device to the root bridge
Term
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST)
Definition
A Cisco-proprietary STP implementation that maintains a spanning-tree instance for each VLAN configured in the network.
Term
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+)
Definition
PVST+ provides the same functionality as PVST, including PortFast, and adds support for IEEE 802.1Q
Term
point-to-point link type
Definition
In an RSTP topology, nonedge ports are categorized into two link types; point-to-point and shared.
Term
port cost
Definition
The spanning-tree port cost is a measure assigned on a per-link basis in a switched LAN
Term
port number
Definition
A numerical value associated with switch ports and used to break ties in spanning-tree calculations.
Term
port priority
Definition
A configurable spanning-tree parameter assigned to a switch port.
Term
PortFast
Definition
A Cisco Cataylst switch technology
Term
proposal and agreement process
Definition
RSTP dramatically speeds up convergence relative to IEEE 802.1D STP implementations by functioning on a link-by-link basis without relying on timers expiring before ports can transition between states.
Term
Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (Rapid PVST+)
Definition
A Cisco implementation of RTSP. It supports one instance of RSTP for each VLAN.
Term
Rapind Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
Definition
RSTP specified by IEEE 802.1w, is a dramatic improvement to IEEE 802.1D, providing very fast spanning-tree convergence on a link-by-link basis using a proposal and agreement process independent of timers.
Term
root ID
Definition
The bridge ID of the root bridge in a spanning-tree topology.
Term
root bridge
Definition
The root of a spanning-tree topology; this prevents loops and provides a measure for defense against link failure.
Term
root port
Definition
The unique port on a nonroot bridge that has the lowest path cost to the root bridge.
Term
shared link type
Definition
Nonedge ports are categorized into two link types; point-to-point and shared. Half duplex environment
Term
signaling traffic
Definition
IP telephony traffic responsible for call setup, progress, and teardown, traversing the network end-to-end.
Term
spanning-tree algorithm (STA)
Definition
Used by STP to create spanning-tree
Term
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Definition
Bridge protocol that utilizes the spanning-tree algorithm, enabling a learning bridge to dynamically work around loops in a network topology by creating a spanning tree
Term
static VLAN
Definition
One in which ports on the switch are manually assigned.
Term
switch diameter
Definition
The number of intermediary switches between two endpoints.
Term
switch virtual interface (SVI)
Definition
A layer 3 logical interface associated with a specific VLAN
Term
time-to-live (TTL)
Definition
The field in an IP header that indicates how long a packet is considered valid
Term
topology change acknowledgement (TCA)
Definition
A BPDU with the TC bit set to 1
Term
topology change (TC) bit
Definition
A bit in a configuration BPDU that is used only when a switch is acknoweledging the reciept of a TCN BPDU.
Term
topology change notification (TCN)
Definition
A special BPDU used when a switch needs to signal a topology change.
Term
trunking mode
Definition
Catalyst switches support a variety of trunking modes used by DRT to negotiate the status of a trunk port.
Term
untagged frame
Definition
A normal Ethernet frame in a switched LAN.
Term
VLAN ID (VID)
Definition
The parameter in the IEEE 802.1Q tag that indicates the VLAN the frame is associated with.
Term
VLAN Trunk
Definition
AN Ethernet point-to-point link between an Ethernet switch interface and an Ethernet interface on another networking device, such as a router or a switch, carrying the traffic of multple VLANs over the singular link.
Term
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
Definition
A Cisco-proprietary Layer 2 protocol that enables a network manager to configure a single switch so that it propagates VLAN configuration information to other switches in the network, as well as synchromizes the information with the swithces in the VTP domain.
Term
vlan.dat
Definition
Catalyst switch VLAN configuration information is stored within a VLAN database file, called vlan.dat
Term
voice VLAN
Definition
Specialized Catalyst switch VLANs with an accompanying Catalyst CL1 command set
Term
VTP advertisements
Definition
VTP adevertisements are messages transmitted between Catalyst switches to share and synchronize VLAN configuration details in the switched LAN
Term
VTP client
Definition
VTP clients participate in VTP operation, but do not permit creating, changing, or deleting of VLANs on the client itself.
Term
VTP configuration revision number
Definition
A number that indicates the current state of the VLAN inforamtion on the switch.
Term
VTP domain
Definition
A set of Catalyst sewitches with the same VTP domain name
Term
VTP modes
Definition
VTP has three operating modes: server, client, and transparent
Term
VTP password
Definition
The VTP password must match on all switches in a VTP domain
Term
VTP pruning
Definition
Prevent unnecessary transmission of VLAN information from on VLAN across all trunks in a VTP domain
Term

 

VTP server

Definition
VTP servers advertise the VTP doamin VLAN informaiton to other VTP-enabled switches in the same VTP doamin
Term
VTP transparent
Definition
VTP transparent mode switches forward VTP advertisements to VTP clients and VTP servers, but does not originate or otherwise process VTP advertisements.
Term
VTP version
Definition
VTP has three versions. Catalyst 2960 an 3560 switches support versions 1 and 2
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