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chapters 2-3
Biochemistry?Cells Vocab.
27
Anatomy
12th Grade
08/16/2007

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Term
4 elements of life
Definition
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
Term
gene
Definition
one of the biological units of hereditory located in chromatin; transmits hereditory info.
Term
Nucleotides (DNA structure)
Definition
building block of nucleic acids; consists of a sugar, a nitrogen containing base, and a phosphate group
Term
plasma membrane
Definition
membrane composed \of 3 lamina layers that encloses cell contents; outer limiting cell membrane
Term
hydrophobic
Definition
refers to molecules or portions of molecules that interact with only nonpolar molecules
Term
hydrophilic
Definition
"water loving" refers to molecules or portions of molecules that interact with water and charged particles
Term
polypeptides
Definition
chain of amino acids
Term
protein function
Definition
only works when folded correctly
Term
amino acids
Definition
building blocks of protein; organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Term
4 types of organic compounds
Definition
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
Term
factors affecting rxn rates
Definition
enzymes, catalysts, surface area, temperature, pressure, concentration
Term
dehydration synthesis
Definition
process by which large molecules is synthesized by bonding smaller molecules together
Term
hydrolysis
Definition
process by which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles
Term
anabolism
Definition
phase of metabolism in which simpler substancfes are combined to form more complex substances
Term
catabolism
Definition
process in which living cells break down substances into simpler substances
Term
metabolism
Definition
sum total of chemical rxns occuring in the body cells
Term
enzyme
Definition
protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical rxn
Term
substrate
Definition
reactant on which an enzyme acts to cause a chemical action proceed
Term
membrane transport
Definition
moving of biochemicals and other atomic/molecular substances across membranes
Term
diffusion
Definition
spreading of particles in a gas or solution w/ a movement toward uniform distribution of particles
Term
hypotonic
Definition
below normal tone or tension
Term
hypertone
Definition
excessive, above normal tone or tension
Term
isotonic
Definition
of equal tension
Term
cell organelles
Definition
nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria..
Term
mitosis
Definition
nuclear (cell) division
Term
protein synthesis
Definition
process where cells build proteins; transcription + translation
Term
cell theory
Definition
cell is fundamental unit of all living organisms
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