Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapters 1-4
Biology, Chemistry, Cells, Tissues
67
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/16/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

3-Seperate Components of Nucleotides

 

Definition

1. Nitrogen - Containing Base

2. Pentose Sugar

3. Phosphate Group

 

Term
Nucleic Acids are composed of...
Definition
C, H, O, N, P
Term
Cells
Definition
Fundamental Units of life
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
  • All living things are made of cells
  • All cells come from one another
  • All (my) activity come from the collective activity of all (my) cells maintaining homeostaces
Term
Why are cells small?
Definition

As objects get smaller, surface area to volume ratio gets bigger

Allows more fine detail in multicellular things-- differentiation

Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
Fluid Mosaic Model of membrane structure depicts the plasma membrane as an exedingly thin structure composed of a bilayer of lipids with protein dispersed in it
Term
Components of a Cell Membrane (7)
Definition
  • Phospholipid Bilayer (with cholesterol)
  • Extrinsic/Instrinsic protiens
  • Glycocalyx (cell-cell recognition)
  • Cell membrane in sempermeable (selectibely/differentially permeable) regulates movement of molecules into and out of cells
  • Hypo/Iso/Hypertonic solutions
Term

Protiens:

Peripheral (extrinsic)

Definition
some function as enzymes, some link cells together, and others motor protiens involved in mechanical functions
Term

Protiens

Intergral (Insrinsive)

Definition
protiens firmly inserted into the lipid bilayer
Term
Filaments of Cyto Skeleton do what?
Definition
Give support and structure
Term
Contact Inhibition
Definition

Cell-Cell-Recognition (skin repair- when cells are touching they stop multiplying -- healed)

 

Term
Glycocalyx
Definition
All carbohydrate chains sticking off cell ("Sugar Covering")
Term

Cell Junctions

Tight

Definition
impermeable junctions prevent molecule from passing through intercellular space
Term

Cell Junctions

Gap

Definition
Communicating junctions allow ions and small molecules to pass for intercellular communication
Term

Cell Junctions

Desmosomes

Definition

Anchoring junctions bind adjacent cells together like molecular "velcro" and help form an internal tension reducing network fibers

 

Term

Transport:

Passive Transport

Definition
No enery expenditure required
Term

Transport:

Passive Transport

Diffusion

Definition

Movement of molecules from area of higher consentration to lower consentration

Diffusion accross cell membrane- small and non polor molecules

Term

Transport:

Passive Transport

Osmosis

Definition
Diffusion of a solvent (water) through a selectively permeable membrane
Term

Transport:

Passive Transport

 

Facilitated Diffusion

Definition
Transport substance either binds to protien carriers in membrane and is ferried accross or moves through water filled protien channels
Term

Transport

Active Process

Definition
Requires Energy (ATP)
Term

Transport

Active Process

Active Transport

Definition

Uses carrier protiens

ex. Sodium potasium pump

Term

Transport

Active Process

Endocytosis

 

Definition

(Pinocytosis) (drinking) -- not selective

(Phagocytosis) (eating) -- more selective

(Receptor) -- Mediated pinocytosis -- much more selective

Term

Transport

Active Process

 Exocytosis

Definition

lets out molecules the cell doesnt want or hormones it has produced and it letting our or something endo brought in and the cell doesnt want

(bulk transport out of cell)

Term

Hypertonic

Isotonic

Hypotonic

Definition

More

Same

Less

Term
Biology
Definition
Scientific study of life
Term

Characteristics of life

(7)

Definition
  1. Composed of Cells
  2. Metabalism
  3. Growth/Development/Maintain
  4. Reproduction
  5. Response to Stimuli
  6. Movement
  7. Maintain Homeostasis
Term

Hierarctial Orginization of Life

(6)

Definition
  1. Chemical -- atoms/molecules
  2. Cellular -- Organelles
  3. Tissues (Group of Similar cells functioning together as one unit)
  4. Organs (2 or more similar tissues functioning together as one unit)
  5. Organ Systems
  6. Organism
Term

Nitrogeneous Bases:

Purines

Definition
(double ringed) adenine and guannine
Term

Nitrogeneous Bases:

Pyrimidines

Definition
(single ringed) cytosine, thymine (DNA), and Uracil (RNA)
Term
Isomer
Definition
Same chemical formula, different chemical structures
Term

Tissue

 

Definition
Group of similar cells functioning together as one unit
Term
Epithelial
Definition
Very cellular, avascular, cells held together with tight junctions, free surface, highly regenerative, basal lamina (part of basement membrane)
Term

Epithelial

Simple Squamous

Definition
  • Location: lining of circ. system, alveoli, part of serous membs.
  • Functions: rapid exchange, filtration, reduction of friction (smooth)
Term

Epithelial

Simple Cuboidal

 

Definition
  • Location: glands, kidney tubules
  • Function: secretion (virtually all glandular epithelium is simp. cub.), exchange (in kidneys)
Term

Epithelial

Simple Columnar

Definition
  • Location: digestive system, oviducts, resp. tract
  • Function: absorption, secretion
  • Some places SCE has microvilli (small intestine) or cilia (uterine tubes)
  • goblet cells often associated

 

Term

Epithelial

P.C.C.E.

Definition
  • Location: Respitory system, nasal cavity
  • Functions: secretion (mucus), movement of unwanted garbage
  • Goblet cells often associated

 

Term

Epithelial

Stratified Squamous

Definition
  • Location: all skin, digestive system, vagina
  • Function: resist abrasion (protection)
Term

Epithelial

Stratified Transitional

Definition

Location: Pelvis of kidney, ureters; urinary bladder

Function: Distension

Term
Glandular
Definition

Mainly simple cubiodal

cells secrectory, with lots of Golgi, ER (and mitochondria)

Term

Glandular

Endocrine and Exocrine

Definition

exo-open into cavities (mucus membranes) or onto surface of body

a. goblet cells (unicellular)

b. multicellular: secretory units (tubular, alveolar) with ducts (simple, compound) classified by function: merocrine, holocrine

Term
Connective
Definition

Characteristics: common embryonic origin; cells and matrix (extra cellular (ground substamce, fibers) secreted by the cells)

Fiber types: Collagen, reticular, elastic

Term

Connective Tissue Proper

 

Definition
Cell types: fibroblasts and -cytes, others in some (macraphages, mast cells); usually vascular; connects tissues
Term

Connective Tissue Proper

Loose

Areolar

Definition
  • Most widely distributed; all 3 fiber types, mast cells, macrophages, occasional adipose cells; just underneath epithelium in all three types of epithelial membranes
  • Vascular/ regenerates well
Term

Connective Tissue Proper

Loose

Adipose

 

Definition
  • Very cellular (adipocytes-- only ones not called fibroblasts in CTP)
  • Very Vascular/Terrible at regenerating
Term

Connective Tissue Proper

Loose

Reticular

 

Definition
  • reticular fibers; mainly in lymph nodes, bone marrow, speen, liver, lungs
  • Vasc. and Regen. depends on organ
  • (pretty regen.)
Term

Connective Tissue Proper

Dense

Regular

Definition
  • collagenous
  • tendons and ligaments
  • Not vasc./Not regen.
Term

Connective Tissue Proper

Dense

Elastic

Definition
  • Lots of elastin fibers
  • Vocal chords, stroma of lungs, aora
  • Vascular/Regenerative
Term

Connective Tissue Proper

Dense

Irregular

Definition
  • Collagenous
  • Dermis, other interneal coverings
  • Provides structural strength
  • Thickest part of skin (dense version of areolar)
  • Vascular and Regenerative
Term

Connective Tissue

Cartilage

Definition
  • Cell types: osteocytes and - blasts/-clasts
  • Avascular and no nerves
  • Used for support
Term

Connective Tissue

Cartilage

Hyaline

Definition
  • Collagen (regular)
  • most widelt distributed
  • absorbs shock
  • Joints respatory system
Term

Connective Tissue

Cartilage

Elastic

Definition
  • More elastin
  • Lacation: outter ear and ear canel, epiglottis
Term

Connective Tissue

Cartilage

Fibrocartilage

 

Definition
  • Strogest Type
  • interverterbral disks, some menisci
  • absorbs shock
  • 2nd strongest C.T. in body
Term

Connective Tissie

Bone

Definition
  • Cell types: osteocytes and -blasts/-clasts; lots of collagen and inorganic calcium salts
  • Vascular and Regenerative
  • Strongest tissue in body
Term

Connective Tissue

Blood

Definition
  • Cell types: hematocytes (white and red); Matrix: plasma
  • Transport respitory gases, nutrientsm wastes and other substances
  • Very Regen
Term
Membranes--Coverings and linings
Definition
simple organs; overlying epithelium and underlying CT
Term

Membranes

Cutaneous

Definition

skin

Epithilium always strat. squam. (the epidermis; underlying CT lis a little areolar rapidly "densifying" into large layer of dense irregular (dermis) under the dermis is the adipose hypodermis

Term

Membranes

Mucous

Definition

lines cavities open to the outside

epithelium varies, but CT always areolar (CT of mucous membranes called lamina propria)

(anything other that strat squam and simp squam)

Term

Membranes

Serous

Definition

lines internal cavity (parietal)

Ep -- simple squamous underlying CT -- areolar

Term
Muscle
Definition

well vasculated for movement

not very regen

Term

Muscle

Skeletal

Definition

cells strained, multinucleate, voluntary, striated

 

Term

Muscle

Cardiac

Definition

cells branched and interconnected (intercalated discs), uninucleate (up to 2 nuclei), striated, involuntary

walls of heart

Term

Muscle

Smooth

Definition

cells not striated, uninucleate

in walls of involuntary (hollow) organs

propels subtances or foodtuffs, urine, baby along internal passage ways

Term
Nerve
Definition
Many nerve cells discretely packaged by CT
Term
Tissue repair
Definition
either regeneration (replace damaged cells with same tissue) or fibrosis (scarring)
Term

fibro-

adipo-

chondro-

osteo-

hemato-

Definition
  • Connective tissue proper
  • fat
  • chondro
  • bone
  • blood
Term

-blast

-cyte

Definition
  • Actively growing cells
  • Cell
Supporting users have an ad free experience!