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chapters 14-15
a and p test 7
58
Anatomy
11th Grade
11/19/2009

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Term
What are the major functions of the brain?
Definition
registering sensations; correlating them with each other and with stored info; making decisions; taking action; center for intellect, emotions, behavior, memory
Term
Which part of the embryonic brain ultimately becomes the cerebrum and lateral vesicles?
Definition
telencephalon
Term
What are the major parts of the brain?
Definition
brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon
Term
How do the cranial meninges differ from the spinal meninges?
Definition
there is no epidural space between the dura mater and bones of the skull
Term
Which blood vessels supply the brain with blood?
Definition
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
Term
What is true of the adult brain?
Definition
functions are impaired by even transient interruptions of blood flow
Term
What substances can pass the blood-brain barrier?
Definition
lets lipid-soluble substances such as CO2 and O2 and many anesthetic agents
Term
What are the functions of the cerebrospinal fluid?
Definition
protects brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injurie
Term
How does cerebrospinal fluid pass from the 3rd ventricle into the 4th ventricle?
Definition
cerebral aqueduct
Term
What makes up the brain stem?
Definition
medulla oblongata; pons; midbrain
Term
What takes place in the medulla oblongata?
Definition
all of the above
Term
What is found within the pons?
Definition
pneumotaxic area; apneustic area
Term
What makes up the midbrain?
Definition
superior and inferior colliculi; substantia nigra; red nuclei
Term
What does the reticular formation contain?
Definition
sensory axons that help maintain consciousness
Term
Where is the cerebellum located?
Definition
posterior to brain stem; inferior to cerebrum
Term
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
Definition
all of the above
Term
What does the thalamus do?
Definition
relay station; controls motor functions; move stuff
Term
What does the hypothalamus do?
Definition
regulates appetite and thirst
Term
What does the hypothalamus do?
Definition
Term
What are the major functions of the cerebrum?
Definition
thinking part of brain
Term
Cerebrovascular accident hindered patient from transferring information from a gyrus in one hemisphere to a gyrus in the other hemisphere. which tract was damaged by the CVA?
Definition
commissural tracts
Term
What is the basal ganglia and what does it do?
Definition
collectively called corpus striatum; involved in regulating beginning and ending of movement
Term
What does the limbic system do?
Definition
memory, smell, structures of diencephalon and inner cerebrum and regulation of emotions; all of the above
Term
Chronic use of marijuana results in what behavior of pot heads?
Definition
short term memory loss
Term
Association areas of cerebral cortex are involved in what functions?
Definition
memorizing cranial nerves; integrating info; judging laying or lying book down; moving fingers while typing
Term
How do sensory areas of the cerebral cortex function?
Definition
sensory info into meaningful patterns
Term
If your nose itches, what primary sensory area receives that information?
Definition
somatosensory area
Term
What are the primary motor areas of the cerebral cortex?
Definition
anterior to central sulcus; those devoted to fine motor skills are larger than those devoted to gross motor skills
Term
six yr old hit in back of head with softball. what area is damaged?
Definition
visual association area
Term
what is hemispheric lateralization?
Definition
all of the above
Term
Where do cranial nerves come from and how are they named?
Definition
all of the above
Term
Which cranial nerve is sensory and conducts the nerve impulses for the sense of smell?
Definition
olfactory (I) nerve
Term
What do the optic nerves merge with?
Definition
optic chiasm
Term
What does the trigeminal nerve conrol?
Definition
mastication
Term
Which cranial nerve stimulates zygomaticus major causing you to smile?
Definition
D VII Facial Nerve
Term
A cerebrovascular accident has made if difficult for a patient to swallow. which cranial nerve was probably damaged?
Definition
glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
Term
What do the autonomic neurons of the vagus nerve innervate?
Definition
intestines; respiratory; heart
Term
What is associated with aging of the brain from early adulthood?
Definition
increase of reflex times (reflexes slow down)
Term
How does the autonomic nervous system function?
Definition
contractions of smooth and cardiac muscles; secretion of many glands
Term
What are the characteristics of the somatic nervous system?
Definition
located in SNS; one motor neuron in motor pathways controlled by cerebral cortex
Term
Where does the autonomic nervous system get its input and what is true of its motor pathways?
Definition
from interoceptors; motor pathways: 2 motor neurons synapse at ganglion
Term
What regulates autonomic functions?
Definition
limbic; hypothalamus; brain stem
Term
What are examples of an autonomic response?
Definition
increase in heart rate; dilated pupils; blood vessel in hand constricting when u plunge hand into ice water
Term
Organs that have dual innervation receive motor impulses from where?
Definition
form both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Term
What is true of preganglionic fiber?
Definition
has a small diameter
Term
What is found in parasympatheic preganglionic neuron?
Definition
cell body in lateral gray horn of sacral segment; cell body in nucleus of cranial nerves III VII IX X of brain stem
Term
What are parasympathetic ganglia?
Definition
terminal ganglia
Term
What is found in autonomic plexuses?
Definition
sympathetic ganglia
Term
Which autonomic plexus controls the largest variety of organs?
Definition
celiac plexus
Term
What autonomic plexus supplies the kidneys?
Definition
renal plexus
Term
Which characteristic of sympathetic preganglionic fibers allows them to control most structures in the body simultaneously?
Definition
many collateral axons synapse with many postganglionic neurons
Term
What are splanchnic nerves?
Definition
arise from preganglionic fibers; contain preganglionic fibers; do not synapse
Term
How does the adrenal medullae develop what does it produce and what are its similarities with nervous tissue?
Definition
Term
A tumor in a patient's adrenal medulla causes excessive secretion of epinephrine. Which receptors will be affected by this hypersecretion?
Definition
alpha and beta receptors
Term
Which structures or organs receive only sympathetic innervation?
Definition
sweat glands, arrector pili muscles
Term
What does increased parasympathetic stimulation cause?
Definition
decreased heart rate
Term
The main integrating centers for most autonomic reflexes are found where?
Definition
hypothalamus and brain stem
Term
p
Definition
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