Term
|
Definition
1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Brain stem |
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Term
|
Definition
a) Telencephalon
b) Diencephalon |
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Term
|
Definition
a) Mid-brain
b) Pons
c) Medulla Oblongata |
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Term
|
Definition
Frontal pole
Temporal pole
Occipital pole |
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Term
| Which structure is the largest of the brain that is most recently involved? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fissure that separates the left and right hemispheres of the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| Fissure that separates the telenchephalon and diencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
| Fissure that separates the temporal lobe and upper cerebellum |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1. Pre-central gyrus (motor cortex)
2. Post-central gyrus (sensory cortex)
3. Cingulate gyrus |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Pre-central sulcus
2. Central sulcus
3. Post-central sulcus
4. Cingulate sulcus
5. Parieto-occipital sulcus
6. Calcarine sulcus |
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Term
| The parts of the Diencephalon |
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Definition
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus |
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Term
| Located at either end of the third ventricle; main sensory nucleus that processes every sense except smell |
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Definition
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Term
| Below thalamus, attached directly to pituitary gland |
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Definition
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Term
| Small nucleus below thalamus |
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Definition
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Term
| Small nucleus behind thalamus |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cortex folded into? |
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Definition
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Term
| Structures of grey matter |
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Definition
| Cortex and the Basal Ganglia |
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Term
| Parts of the Basal Ganglia |
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Definition
1. Lentiform nucleus
2. Caudate nucleus
3. Amygdala |
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Term
| Main function of the basal ganglia |
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Definition
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Term
| Parts of the lentiform nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structures are on the same horizontal level as the basal ganglia? |
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Definition
| Thalamus and internal capsule |
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Term
| 3 types of fibers that make up white matter axons |
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Definition
1. Association fibers
2. Commissural fibers
3. Projection fibers |
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Term
| Fibers that make up commissural fibers |
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Definition
a) Anterior commisure (small)
b) Posterior commisure (tiny)
c) Corpus Collosum (HUGE) |
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Term
| Fibers that communicate within each hemisphere |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibers that communicate between the hemispheres |
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Definition
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Term
| Fiber the runs from frontal to occipital lobe, and below sagittal fissure |
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Definition
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Term
| Parts of the Corpus Collosum |
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Definition
a) Genu (anterior)
b) Body (long)
c) Splenium (posterior) |
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Term
| Fibers that communicate within different levels of the nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for the midbrain |
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Definition
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Term
| Anteriorly connects the thalamus to the pons |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior structures of the brain stem |
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Definition
Cerebral peduncles
Mammillary bodies
Pons
Medulla Oblongata |
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Term
| Posterior structures of the brain stem |
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Definition
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
Fourth ventricle
Cerebellum |
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Term
| Structures of the midbrain |
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Definition
Paired mammillary bodies (anterior)
Superior/inferior |
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Term
| Cranial nerves between midbrain and pons |
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Definition
CN III- Oculomotor
CN IV- trochlear |
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Term
| Bridges cerebral hemispheres |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior aspects of the pons |
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Definition
Fourth ventricle
Cerebellum |
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Term
| Cranial nerve that emerges from pons |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior aspects of the Medulla Oblongata |
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Definition
Olives (lateral)
Pyramids (anterior) |
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Term
| Main function of cerebellum |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Main connection of cerebellum to brain stem |
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Definition
| Large middle cerebellar peduncles |
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Term
| Hoe many sets of spinal nerves emerge from spinal cord passing through intervertebral foramen |
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Definition
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Term
| The bottom point of the spinal cord that attaches to sacrum |
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Definition
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Term
| Attachment of conus medullaris to sacrum |
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Definition
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Term
| Vertebrae that spinal cord ends |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Nerves that exit below L2 |
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Definition
| Cauda equina (horses tail) |
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Term
| Enlargements of the spinal cord |
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Definition
Cervical enlargement (upper limbs)
Lumbar enlargement (lower limbs) |
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Term
| 'H' section of spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Dorsal root- sensory function |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ventral root- motor function |
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Term
| The sections of Intermediate horns |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of intermediate horn |
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Definition
| Sympathetic nervous functions |
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Term
|
Definition
Anterior funiculi
Lateral funiculi
Posterior funiculi |
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Term
| A network of communication cavities that secrete CSF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Structures on lateral ventricles that contain CSF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Connects lateral to third ventricle |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Orientation of third ventricles |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Location of third ventricle |
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Definition
| Between two halves of the thalamus |
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Term
| Connects third to fourth ventricles |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Shape of fourth ventricle |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Anterior to fourth ventricle |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Posterior to fourth ventricle |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Foramen beneath fourth ventricle |
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Definition
Foramen of Luschka
Foramen of Magendie |
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Term
| Where does CSF travel to after foramen of Luschka and Magendie? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the fourth ventricle continuous with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Specialized membranes of the meninges |
|
Definition
1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid mater
3. Pia mater |
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Term
|
Definition
| Protects and supports the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| What do the meninges contain? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The outer most layer of the meninges |
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Definition
| Dura mater (tough mother) |
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Term
| Fat filled space between dura matter and spinal cord |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where meninges fold into the sagittal fissure |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Prevents hemisphere collision |
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Term
| Where meninges fold into horizontal fissure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The dura mater is firmly attached too ______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cranial venous channels in Dura mater |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Space between arachnoid and pia mater in cranial vault; place where CSF circulates |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Attachment between arachnoid and pia mater in the spinal column |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Innermost layer of meninges, attached to outermost layer of spinal cord (outter layer of CNS) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where does CSF enter to from the subarachnoid space? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the CSF enter after the root of falx? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How does CSF enter the superior sagittal sinus? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where does the superior sagittal sinus empty to? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Large openings in the subarachnoid space |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Largest cistern; most common place to sample CSF |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the brain receive its blood supply? |
|
Definition
Internal carotid arteries
Vertebral arteries |
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|
Term
| Where does the Internal carotid artery pass through? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Vertebral artery pass through? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vertebral arteries create ______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The basilar artery creates ______ |
|
Definition
| 2 posterior cerebral arteries |
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|
Term
| The internal carotid artery creates ______ at the _____ |
|
Definition
| Middle and anterior cerebral arteries; sella turcica |
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|
Term
| Joins the two anterior cerebral arteries |
|
Definition
| Anterior communicating artery (1) |
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|
Term
| Joins the posterior and middle cerebral arteries |
|
Definition
| Posterior communicating arteries (2) |
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Term
| The name of the system system of arteries to the brain |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The structure that the circle of Willis surrounds |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Blood supply to the sagittal surface and periphery outer cortex |
|
Definition
| Anterior and posterior cerebral arteries |
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|
Term
| Enters through lateral fissure and supplies centre of the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inferior and superior cerebral arteries |
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|
Term
| Blood supply to the spinal cord |
|
Definition
Superiorly- vertebral arteries
Inferiorly- Aorta |
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|
Term
| The veins of the brain empty into the _____, then drain into the ______ |
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Definition
| Dural venous sinuses; internal jugular vein |
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|
Term
| PNS is divided into the _____ |
|
Definition
| Somatic and autonomic nervous systems |
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Term
| Provides voluntary motor control and general sensory information |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Nerves that make up the somatic nervous system |
|
Definition
31/32 pairs of spinal nerves
12 pairs of cranial nerves |
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Term
| Where spinal nerves exit vertebral column |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives sensory information (afferent) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sends motor information (efferent) |
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|
Term
| What does the spinal nerve split into? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When do sacral spinal nerves split? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The cell body of motor nerves are located in the _____, and run into the _____ |
|
Definition
| anterior horn; ventral root |
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|
Term
| The cell body of sensory nerves are located in the _____ |
|
Definition
| Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) |
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|
Term
| Which neurons communicate with the DRG? |
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Definition
| Peripheral (sensory) neurons |
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|
Term
| Axons from the DRG synapse in the _____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which structures carry sensory information to brain? |
|
Definition
Spinal cord
Brain stem
Thalamus
Internal Capsule |
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|
Term
| Which senses are carried out by the dorsal column |
|
Definition
Discriminatory touch (fine)
Joint position (proprioception)
Vibration |
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Term
| Which senses are carried out by the anteriolateral column |
|
Definition
Non-discriminatory touch (crude)
Pain
Temperature |
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|
Term
| Medial component of the dorsal column; most of trunk and lower limb |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Lateral component of the dorsal column; upper thorax, limb, neck) |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary neurons in lower medulla that synapse with dorsal column |
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Definition
Nucleus Gracilis
Nucleus Cuneatus |
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Term
| As the point of synapse, secondary neurons _____ and become ______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Ascending fiber bundle that secondary dorsal column axons pass through |
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Definition
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Term
| Where secondary dorsal column axons synapse |
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Definition
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Term
| The dorsal column pathway passes through the thalamus and enters the _________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The dorsal column pathway passes the dorsal column and goes to the _______ |
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Definition
| Post-central gyrus in the sensory cortex |
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Term
| Where the sensory nerves of the anteriolateral column synapse |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Crossing over occurs _____ after the anteriolateral column synapses in the dorsal horn |
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Definition
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|
Term
| After the anteriolateral axons crossover, they ascend into the ______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The anteriolateral axons synapse for a second time in the ______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Action potential from the thalamus goes to the ______ |
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Definition
| Post-central gyrus in the sensory cortex |
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Term
| The most direct motor pathway |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The corticospinal tract travels _____ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Motor activity in corticospinal tract begins in the ____ |
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Definition
| Pre-motor cortex and motor cortex |
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Term
| Fibers in the corticospinal tract travels down the ______, then down the ______, ______, and then the ______ |
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Definition
| Internal capsule; cerebral peduncles; pons; pyramids of medulla |
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|
Term
| In lower medulla, most of the fibers of the corticospinal tract crossover to form the ______ |
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Definition
| lateral corticospinal tract |
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|
Term
| Fibers that don't crossover in the corticospinal tract remain _______ to form the _______ |
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Definition
| Epsilateral; anterior coticospinal tract |
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Term
| Fibers of the corticospinal tract synapse in the _____ with the ______ |
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Definition
| Anterior horn; large anterior horn neurons |
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|
Term
| Axons of the corticospinal tract leave the spinal cord through the ______ and form spinal nerve with sensory neurons |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Motor tracts of the extra pyramidal system |
|
Definition
1. Rubrospinal tract
2. Vestibulospinal tract
3. Reticulospinal tract |
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|
Term
| The origin of the extra pyramidal tracts |
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Definition
| Lower part of brain and brainstem |
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|
Term
| The functions of the extra pyramidal tracts |
|
Definition
Muscle tone
Muscle control
Extensor funtions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerves are sensory? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which cranial nerves are motor? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which cranial nerves are both sensory and motor? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Facial sensation and mastication |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Facial expression and taste |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Taste and general sensation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Larynx sense and movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| Upper limb movement (traps) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Small groups of olfactory neurons originate in the _____ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where the olfactory nerve and other nerves synapse |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where the olfactory bulb is located |
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Definition
| On top of cribriform plate |
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|
Term
| Where the olfactory nerve runs back to |
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Definition
| Rhinencephalon (olfactory cortex) |
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|
Term
| Where the optic nerves come together and crossover |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where the optic nerve synapses |
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Definition
| Lateral geniculate bodies (thalamus) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Junction of the pons and medulla |
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|
Term
| Where CN 3 and 4 emerge from |
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Definition
| Junction of the midbrain and pons |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Muscles supplied by CN 3, 4, 6 |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Extra ocular muscles of CN 3 |
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Definition
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior oblique
Levator palpebrae superioris |
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|
Term
| Extra ocular muscles of CN 4 |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Extra ocular muscle of CN 6 |
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Definition
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|
Term
| First trigeminal nerve component |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of opthalmic nerve component |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Second trigeminal nerve component |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of maxillary component |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Third trigeminal nerve component |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of mandibular nerve component |
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Definition
Jaw movement
Muscles of mastication (chewing) |
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|
Term
| Exit of First trigeminal nerve component |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Exit of Second trigeminal nerve component |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Exit of Third trigeminal nerve component |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where the Third trigeminal nerve component enters jaw |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| CN 9 parasympathetic nerve supply to the ____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| CN 9 motor inntervation to the _____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| CN 9 sensory innervation to the _____ |
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Definition
| posterior 1/3 tongue and pharynx |
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|
Term
| Cn 7 passes through the ____ before it exits skull from the _________ |
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Definition
| internal acoustic meatus; stylomastoid foramen |
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|
Term
| How many branches does the facial nerve fan out to innervate facial expression muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN 7 provides sensory innervation to _______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| CN 7 provides parasympathetic supply to the ________ |
|
Definition
| Submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal glands |
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|
Term
| The vagus nerve is the _________ |
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Definition
| Great parasympathetic nerve of the thorax and abdomen |
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|
Term
| CN 10 provides sensory and motor innervation to the _____ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| CN 10 exits the _____ below CN __ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where roots of CN 11 exit spinal cord |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Spinal accessory nerve coalesce and travel through the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
| Between pyramid and olive of medulla |
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Term
|
Definition
| Intrinsic/extrinsic tongue muscles |
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