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Chapter One
Introduction to Human A/P
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
09/09/2013

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Term
Anatomy
Definition
The branch of science that deals with the structure of body parts their forms and how they are organized
Term
Physiology
Definition
Concerns the functions of body parts - What they do and how they do it
Term
A human body is composed of parts within parts, with increasing complexity; name all 9 starting with Atom
Definition
Atom, Molecule, Macromolecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
Term
Metabolism
Definition
The sum total of all of the chemical reactions in the body that break down substances and build them up - This is how we acquire energy
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
Stable internal environment; Self-regulating control system containing of three components, Receptors, a set point, and effectors
Term
Receptors
Definition
Provide information about specific conditions (Stimuli) in the internal environment
Term
A Set Point
Definition
Tells what a specific value should be; Body temperature, 98.6 degrees fahrenheit
Term
Effectors
Definition
Cause responses that alter conditions in the internal environment
Term
Negative Feedback
Definition
A mechanism that restores the level of a biochemical or other balance in the internal environment
Term
Positive feedback mechanism
Definition
Process by which changes cause additional similar changes, producing unstable conditions
Term
Axial portion of the human body consists of three sections...
Definition
Head, neck, and trunk
Term
Appendicular Portion of the human body consists of two sections...
Definition
Upper and lower limbs
Term
Cranial Cavity houses the...
Definition
Houses the brain
Term
Vertebral canal contains the...
Definition
Spinal cord within the sections of the backbone
Term
The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity consists of the...
Definition
Viscera
Term
A broad, thin skeletal muscle called the diaphragm separates the...
Definition
Thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
Term
A region called the mediastinum separates the...
Definition
Thoracic cavity into two compartments which house the left lung and the right lung
Term
Mediastinum cavity contains...
Definition
Heart, esophagus, trachea, and the thymus
Term
The abdominopelvic cavity contains...
Definition
The stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and most of the large and small intestines
Term
The pelvic cavity (enclosed by the hip) contains...
Definition
The terminal portion of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs
Term
The head includes four cavities...
Definition
Oral cavity, nasal cavity, orbital cavity, and the middle ear cavity
Term
Parietal
Definition
Membrane attached to the wall of a cavity
Term
Visceral
Definition
The membrane that covers the internal organs such as the lungs
Term
Pleural cavity
Definition
The watery fluid between the parietal and visceral membrane
Term
Pericardial (Cardial...Cardio)
Definition
The membrane that surrounds the heart
Term
Pleura membrane
Definition
Thoracic Cavity lining
Term
Peritoneal Membrane
Definition
Abdominopelvic cavity lining
Term
Integumentary System consists of...
Definition
The skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
Term
Integumentary System
Definition
Protects underlying tissue, helps regulate body temperature, house a variety of sensory receptors and synthesize certain products
Term
Skeletal system consists of...
Definition
Bones, ligaments, and cartilages the bind bone together
Term
Skeletal system
Definition
Provide framework and protective shields for softer tissue, are attachments for muscles, and act with muscles when body parts move. Bone also produces blood cells and store inorganic salts
Term
Muscular system
Definition
By contracting and pulling their ends closer, muscles provide forces that move the human body. They also provide posture and are the main source of body heat
Term
The Nervous System consists of...
Definition
The brain, the spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs
Term
The Nervous System
Definition
The cells communicate with each other and with muscles and glands using chemical signals called Neurotransmitters
Term
The Endocrine System consists of...
Definition
All glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones; such as, Thyroid, adrenal glands, the pancreas, ovaries, Testes, pineal glands
Term
Target Cell
Definition
Specific group of cells
Term
Cardiovascular System consists of the...
Definition
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood
Term
Cardiovascular System
Definition
Blood carries gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes throughout the body for metabolic processes
Term
Lymphatic System consists of...
Definition
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and a fluid called lymph
Term
Lymphatic system
Definition
Also called lymphocytes, defend the body against infection by removing disease causing microorganisms and viruses from tissue fluid
Term
Lymphatic system
Definition
Also called lymphocytes, defend the body against infection by removing disease causing microorganisms and viruses from tissue fluid
Term
Digestive System consists of...
Definition
The mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine
Term
The Respiratory System
Definition
The organs move air in and out and exchange gases between blood and the air
Term
The Respiratory System consists of...
Definition
The nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Term
The Urinary System
Definition
The maintenance of water and electrolyte concentrations and the acidity of the internal environment
Term
The Urinary System consists of...
Definition
The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Term
The Male Reproductive System consists of...
Definition
Scrotum, testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, Prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, and urethra
Term
The Female Reproductive System consists of...
Definition
The ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, and vulva
Term
The male reproductive system
Definition
Produce and maintain sperm cells (Spermatozoa)
Term
The female reproductive system
Definition
Produce and maintain the female sex cells (Egg cells, or oocytes), transport the female sex cells within the female reproductive system, and can receive the make sex cells. Also, supports development of embryos, carries fetuses to term, and functions in the birth process
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