Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter one
Intro to anatomy
98
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/06/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Microscopic anatomy
Definition
anatomy that refers to structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye. The boundaries of which are established by the equipment used.
Term
Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)
Definition
Considers relatively large structures and features visible to the unaided eye. There are many ways to approach gros anatomy including: surface anatomy, regional anatomy, systemic anatomy.
Term
Surface anatomy
Definition
refers to the general form, or morphology, and superficial anatomical markings.
Term
Regional anatomy
Definition
considers all of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body, such as the head, neck, or trunk.
Term
Systemic anatomy
Definition
considers the structures of major organ systems, such as the skeletal or muscular systems. Organ systems are groups of organs that function together to produce coordinated effects. For example, the heart, blood, and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system.
Term
Integumentary system major function
Definition
protection from environmental hazards; temperature control.
Term
Skeletal system major functions
Definition
support, protection of soft tissues; mineral storage; blood formation
Term
Muscular system major functions
Definition
Directing immediate response to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems.
Term
Endocrine system major functions
Definition
Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems.
Term
Cardiovascular system major functions
Definition
internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases.
Term
Lymphoid system major fuctions
Definition
defense against infections and disease
Term
Respiratory system major functions
Definition
delivery of air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood.
Term
Digestive system major functions
Definition
processing of food and absorption of organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water.
Term
Urinary system
Definition
elimination of excess water, salts, and waste products; control of pH.
Term
Reproductive system
Definition
Production of sex cells and hormones
Term
Integumentary system
Definition
Cutaneuous membrane (Epidermis;Dermis), Hair follicles (Hairs; Sebaceous Glands), Sweat glands, Nails, Sensory receptors, Subcutaneous layer.
Term
The skeletal system
Definition
Bones, cartilages, joints. Axial skeleton (skull, vertebrae, sacrum coccyx, sternum, supporting cartilage, and ligaments) Appendicular Skeleton (limbs and supporting bones and ligaments). Bone Marrow.
Term
The muscular system
Definition
Skeletal muscles, axial muscles, appendicular muscles. Tendons, Aponeuroses.
Term
Nervous system
Definition
Central nervous system (Brain, spinal cord, special senses). Peripheral nervous system.
Term
Endocrine system
Definition
Pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, parathyroid glands, suprarenal glands, kidneys, pancreas, gonads (testes, ovaries).
Term
Cardiovascular system
Definition
Heart, blood vessels (arteries, capilaries, veins), blood.
Term
Lymphatic system
Definition
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus
Term
Respiratory system
Definition
Nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, phaynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs (alveoli).
Term
Digestive system
Definition
Mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine.
Term
Respiratory system
Definition
Nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, phaynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs (alveoli).
Term
Digestive system
Definition
Mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine.
Term
Urinary system
Definition
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.
Term
male reproductive system
Definition
testes, accessory organs (epidymymis, ductus deferens, seminal glands, prostate gland, urethra), External genitalia )penis, scrotum.
Term
Female reproductive system
Definition
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia (clitoris, labia), mammary glands.
Term
Differentiation
Definition
the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type in order to preform particular functions.
Term
Forehead
Definition
Frons (Frontal)
Term
Nose
Definition
Nasus (nasal)
Term
Eye
Definition
Ocolus (orbital or ocular)
Term
Ear
Definition
Auris (otic)
Term
Cheek
Definition
Bucca (Buccal)
Term
Neck
Definition
Cervicis (cervical)
Term
Skull
Definition
Cranium (cranial)
Term
Face
Definition
Facies (facial)
Term
Head
Definition
Cephalon (cephalic)
Term
Mouth
Definition
Oris (oral)
Term
Chin
Definition
Mentis (mental)
Term
Armpit
Definition
Axilla (axillary)
Term
Arm
Definition
Brachium (brachial)
Term
Front of elbow
Definition
Antecubitis (antecubital)
Term
Forearm
Definition
Antebrachium (antebrachial)
Term
wrist
Definition
Carpus (carpal)
Term
Palm
Definition
Palma (palmar)
Term
Thumb
Definition
Pollex
Term
fingers (phalanges)
Definition
digits (digital or phlangeal)
Term
kneecap
Definition
Patella (patellar)
Term
Leg
Definition
Crus (crural)
Term
Ankle
Definition
Tarsus (tarsal)
Term
toes
Definition
digits (digital or phalangeal)
Term
Great toe
Definition
Hallux
Term
Shoulder
Definition
Acromial
Term
Back
Definition
Dorsum (dorsal)
Term
back of elbow
Definition
Olecranon (olecranal)
Term
Loin
Definition
lumbus (lumbar)
Term
buttock
Definition
gluteus (gluteal)
Term
back of kneww
Definition
popliteus (popliteal)
Term
calf
Definition
sura (sural)
Term
heel of foot
Definition
calcaneus (calcaneal)
Term
Supine
Definition
A person lying face up
Term
Prone
Definition
A person lying face down
Term
Anterior
Definition
The front; before. (The navel is on the anterior surface of the trunk).
Term
Ventral
Definition
The bells side; equivalent to anterior when referring to human bodies (The navel is on the ventral surface).
Term
Posterior
Definition
The back; behind (The scapula is located posterior to the ribcage)
Term
Dorsal
Definition
The back; equivalent to posterior when referring to the human body (The scapula is located on the dorsal side of the body).
Term
Cranial
Definition
Toward the head (the cranial or cephalic surface is superior to the thigh).
Term
Cephalic
Definition
same as cranial
Term
Superior
Definition
Above; at a higher level (in human body towards the head).
Term
Caudal
Definition
Toward the tail (coccyx in humans), (Hips are caudal to the waist).
Term
Inferior
Definition
Below; at a lower level;toward the feat (the knees are inferior to the hips).
Term
Medial
Definition
toward the midline (the longitudinal axis of the body), (The medial surfaces of the thighs may be in contact).
Term
Lateral
Definition
Away from the midline (the longtiudinal axis of the body), (the femur articulates with the lateral surface of the pelvis).
Term
Proximal
Definition
toward an attached base; the thigh is proximal to the foot.
Term
Distal
Definition
away from an attached base; fingers are distal to the wrist.
Term
Superficial
Definition
At, near, or relatively close to the body surface. (the skin is superficial to underlying structures).
Term
Deep
Definition
Toward the interior of the body; farther from the surface, (the bone of the thigh is deep to the surrounding skeletal muscles).
Term
Serial reconstruction
Definition
permits the analysis of complex structures by taking sectional pieces and reconstructing them
Term
Body cavities
Definition
Cavities that protect the organs from accidental shock and cushions from thumps and bumps.
Term
Ventral body cavity (coelem)
Definition
Contains organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive system. Divided by the diaghpram into the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities.
Term
Right upper quadrant
Definition
Right lobe liver, gall bladder, right kidney
Term
Left upper quadrant
Definition
Left lobe liver, most of stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen.
Term
Right lower quadrant
Definition
cecum, appendix, right ovary/right spermatic cord, ascending colon.
Term
Left lower quadrant
Definition
most of small intestine, left ureter, left ovary, left spermatic cord, descending colon.
Term
Oblique
Definition
cut on an angle or diagonal
Term
transverse (horizontal cross section
Definition
A transverse, or horizontal section seperates superior and inferior portions of the body; sections typically pass through the head and trunk regions.
Term
Sagital section
Definition
A sagittal section seperates right and left portions. You examine a saggital
Term
Midsagittal section
Definition
The plane passes through the midline, dividing the body in half and seperating right and left sides.
Term
Parasagittal section
Definition
A parasagittal section misses the midline, seperation the right and left portions of unequal size.
Term
Frontal (coronal) section
Definition
A frontal, or coronal section separates anterior and posterior portions of the body; coronal usually refers to sections passing through the skull.
Term
lumen
Definition
a cavity or passage in a tubular organ
Term
Thoracic cavity
Definition
surrounded by chest wall and diaphragm, subdivided into the left pleural (surrounds left lung), right pleural (surrounds right lung), and mediastinum (contains trachea, esophogus, major vessels and the pericardial cavity conatining the heart).
Term
Pericardial cavity
Definition
located within the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity, contains the heart.
Term
Abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
Contains the peritoneal cavity, which includes the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
Term
Abdominal cavity
Definition
located withing the peritoneal cavity, contains the liver, stomach, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, and small intestine.
Term
Pelvic cavity
Definition
Located within the peritoneal cavity, contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!