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Definition
| The structure of body parts and their relationships to one another. (Greek: To cut apart) |
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Term
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Definition
| The function of the body. How the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities. |
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| Gross Anatomy (macroscopic) |
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Definition
| The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye. (heart, lungs, and kidneys) |
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| Regional anatomy (apart of Gross) |
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Definition
| all structures in a particular region of the body is examined at the same time (muscles, bones, blood) |
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| Systemic anatomy (apart of Gross) |
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Definition
| body structure is studied by system to system. |
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| Surface anatomy (apart of Gross) |
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Definition
| study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface. Used to identify bulging muscles or blood vessels for ivs. |
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Definition
| deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye |
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| Cytology (apart of Micro) |
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Definition
| considers the cells of the body |
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| Histology (apart of Micro) |
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Definition
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Definition
| traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span |
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Definition
| A subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes before birth |
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| 5 tools for study of Anatomy and what they mean |
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Definition
Mastery of anatomical terminology
Observation: looking at
Manipulation: Learning by moving
Palpation: Felling organs with hands
Auscultation: Listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope. |
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Term
| Essential tools for the study of physiology (3) |
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Definition
Ability to focus at many levels: from systemic to cellular and molecular
Basic physical principles: ellectrical currents, pressure and movement
Basic chemical principles |
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| 6 Levels of structural organization (with examples( |
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Definition
Chemical: atoms and molecules
Cellular: cells and their organelles
Tissue: groups of similar cells (doing the same function
Organ: contains 2 or more types of tissues (working together to do the same function)
Organismal: The human organism is made up of many organ systems |
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Term
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Definition
epithelium (covers the body surface and lines its cavities
Muscle (provides movement)
Connecctive (supports and protects body organs)
Nervous (provides a means of rapid internal communication by transmittign electrical impulses) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiovascular, integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive |
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Term
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Definition
| internal environment remains distinct rom external environment. Integumentary system (skin) is a big blocker |
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Definition
| promoted by muscular system (the muscle cell's ability to move by shortening) |
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| Responsiveness or irritability |
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Definition
| ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them. Cutting your hand and feflex |
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Definition
| Breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood |
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Definition
| includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells. Includes breaking down substances into simpler building blocks (catabolism) and synthesizing complex cellular structures from simpler ones (anabolism) |
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Definition
| process of removing wastes from the body. (digestive= indigestible food residues, urinary gets rid of nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes, carbon dioxide through lungs) |
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Definition
Occurs at cellular and organismal level. Cellular Reproduction: Division of original cell
Human reproduction: making a new person |
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Definition
| increase in size of a body part or the organism. Usually done by increasing number of cells, individual cells also increase in size when not dividing. Basically need more constructive activities than destructive ones. |
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Definition
Forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cultaneous (pain, pressure...) receptors and sweat and oil glands
Contains: Hair, skin, and Nails |
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Definition
Protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals
Contains: Bones and oints |
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Definition
Protects and supports body organs, and probides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals.
Contains: Bones and joints |
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Definition
Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produces heat.
Ex. Skeletal muscles |
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Term
| Lymphatic System/Immunity |
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Definition
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity. The immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body
Ex. Red bone marrow, Thymus, Lymphatic vessels, Thoracic duct, Spleen, Lymph nodes. |
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Term
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Definition
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen adn removes carbon dioxide. The gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungss.
Contains: Nasal cavity, pharynx, Bronchus, Larynx, trachea, lung. |
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Definition
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.
Contains: Oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. |
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Definition
As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
Contains: Brain, spinal cord, nerves |
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Definition
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
Contains: Pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, testis |
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Term
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Definition
blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.
Contains: heart and blood vessels |
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Definition
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.
Contains: Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra |
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Term
| Male Reproductive System and Female Reproductive System |
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Definition
production of offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones.
Contains: Mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, uterine tube |
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Term
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Definition
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal Body Temperature (98.6)
Appropriate Atmospheric Pressure |
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Term
| 5 Steps of Homeostatic control system |
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Definition
1. Stimulus, produces change in variable
2. Receptor, detects change
3. Input, information sent along afferent pathway to control center
4. Output, information sent along efferent pathway to effector
5. Response, of effector feeds back to reduce the effect of stimulus and returns variable to homeostatic level. |
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