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Chapter III &IV
Anatomy & Physiology of Cells
20
Anatomy
12th Grade
09/25/2010

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Term
centrosome
Definition
area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus that coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the all
Term
Hydrophilic
Definition
water loving
Term
hydrophobic
Definition
water hating
Term
Receptors
Definition
react to the presence of hormones or other regularory chemicals and thereby triggers metabolic changes in the cell
Term
signal transduction
Definition
the process by which cells translate the signal received by a membrane by which all translate the signal received by a membrane receptor
Term
Peroxisomes
Definition
contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances
Term
microfilaments
Definition
a minute, narrow tubelike cell structure composed of a protein similar to actin, occurring singly and in bundles, involved in cytoplasmic movement and changes in cell shape.
Term
micro-villus
Definition
any of the small, fingerlike projections of the surface of an epithelial cell.
Term
desmosomes
Definition
a plaquelike site on a cell surface that functions in maintaining cohesion with an adjacent cell.
Term
permeable
Definition
to penetrate through the pores, interstices, etc., of
Term
impermeable
Definition
of porous substances, rocks, etc.) not permitting the passage of a fluid through the pores, interstices, etc.
Term
dialisis
Definition
the separation of large molecules, as proteins, from small molecules and ions in a solution by allowing the latter to pass through a semipermeable membrane.
Term
solutes
Definition
the substance dissolved in a given solution.
Term
solvent
Definition
a substance that dissolves another to form a solution: Water is a solvent for sugar.
Term
exocytosis
Definition
the transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane ( distinguished from endocytosis)
Term
phagocytons
Definition
A labile bacteriocide isolated from polymorphonuclear white blood cells.
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
the transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by the cell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around each droplet, which is then taken into the interior of the cytoplasm.
Term
catalyst
Definition
a substance that causes or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected.
Term
glycolocis
Definition
the catabolism of carbohydrates, as glucose and glycogen, by enzymes, with the release of energy and the production of lactic or pyruvic acid.
Term
anarobic
Definition
(of an organism or tissue) living in the absence of air or free oxygen.
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