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Chapter Fifteen- Middles Ages
N/A
39
History
10th Grade
05/06/2010

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Cards

Term
Middle Ages
Definition
postclassical period from the fall of Rome to the 15th century
Term

 

 

 

manorialism- obligations and allegiances

 

Definition

 

  • serfs- receive protection, administration of justice in exchange for keeping the land and turning over some of their goods, hard labor
  • serfs retain land and pass it on, but it is a hard life
  • landlords- rely on the serfs economically, offer military protection

 

Term

 

 

moldboard plow

Definition

 

 

curved iron plate that allowed deeper turning of the soil

Term

 

 

three-field system

Definition

 

when only one third of the land is planted in order to regain fertility

Term

 

 

role of Catholic monasteries in the early Middle Ages

Definition

 

  • large landowners→leading producers→political power
  • learning was only in ____
  • literacy→ kept historical records
  • spiritual centers

 

Term

 

 

Early Middle Ages

(Dark Ages)

500 AD- 900 AD

Definition

 

  • frequent invasions
  • divided land
  • weak rulers
  • little intellectual culture

 

Term

 

 

Carolingian Dynasty

(who was one of the founders?)

Definition

took over the Franks

founded by Charles Martel

defeated Muslims, preserved Europe for Christianity

Term

 

 

Charlemagne

Definition

son of Charles Martel

established a kingdom in (briefly unified) Germany and France

 

Term

 

 

feudalism

Definition

 

  • Greater lords protect vassals → lesser lords
  • Vassals owe goods, service, money
  • political and military 

 

Term

 

 

Magna Carta

Definition

NOTE TO SELF- reread the handout

asserted feudal rights against the monarch's rights

King John was forced to sign by English lords after defeat by France

 

Term

 

 

Three Estates

Definition

key bodies represented by parliament

church

nobles

urban leaders

Term

 

 

Causes of the Hundred Years War

Definition

1337- 1453

war between French and English monarchies

  • fight over territory
  • England wants to control trade areas
  • French nobility want to side with English monarch

 

 

Term

 

 

investiture

Definition

 

 

state appointment of bishops

Term

 

 

Gregory VII

Definition

pope who attempted to separate the Church from feudal power- separation of church and state

 

argued with Emperor over investiture

Term

 

 

Effects of the Hundred Year's War

Definition
  • new technology crossbow
  • paid armies are more effective (peasants can fight w/ crossbow)
  • kings rely on personal, paid soldiers
  • end of chivalry in warfare
  • parliament rises in England
  • monarchy strengthened in France
Term

 

 

Peter Abelard

Definition

wrote Yes and No

showed logical contradictions in Church doctrine

was a very faithful man

 

Term

 

 

Bernard of Clairvaux

Definition

stressed a mystical union with God, achieved through faith alone (not reason)

challenged Peter Abelard

Term

 

 

Thomas Aquinas

Definition

most prominent scholastic figure

 

faith comes first, but one can prove the existence of God through reason

Term

 

 

scholasticism

Definition

 

movement to study theology through logic

Term

 

 

Roger Bacon

Definition

scholarastic who studied optics, pursing Muslim research

 

led to the invention of eyeglasses

Term

 

 

Compare and contrast Gothic and Romanesque architecture

Definition

Gothic (Romanesque)

spires

tall windows (small windows)

focus on light, space

columns for support (walls for support, less light)

flying buttresses 

stained glass

Term

 

 

Vernaculars

Definition

literature written in spoken language

helped develop European language

more secular themed

knights, mythical figures

Beowolf

The Romance of the Rose

Term

 

 

Hanseatic League

Definition

cities in northern Germany, southern Scandinavia that formed an alliance to encourage trade

(growing banks at this time)

Term

 

 

effects of guilds

Definition

  • stressed security and mutual control
  • quality control
  • ----discouraged new methods
  • regulated apprentices
  • some political power

Term

 

 

The Virgin Mary and Women's Rights

Definition

 

  • Mary counterbalanced Eve, cultural respect for women
  • all souls are equal
  • played roles in commerce and guilds
  • no property rights
  • duty was in the house, to comfort men
  • monasteries are alternative to marriage

 

Term

 

 

banking

Definition

emerged from growing trade

use of money was protested by Christian thinkers

capitalistic

Term

 

 

Joan of Arc

Definition

 



peasant woman, inspired by God, who brought the French together to win the Hundred Years War

 

Term

 

 

Crecy

Definition

 

 

battle where English defeated French with longbows

Term

 

 

Poitiers

Definition

 

 

battle where the English held the French king captive

Term

 

 

Innocent III

Definition

politically powerful pope, lost moral authority

 

after him, papacy declined, state gained more power

Term

 

 

sheriffs

Definition

 

 

local administrators of royal laws and authority in England

Term

 

 

Saint Francis

Definition

 

 

founder of new religious orders dedicated to personal poverty, holiness, and service to the poor

Term

 

 

new harnesses and collars

Definition

 

 

allowed horses to be used in agriculture

Term

 

 

wrote the Canterbury Tales

Definition

 

 

Geoffrey Chaucer

Term

 

 

The standard of living for peasants in Europe until 1300....

Definition

 

 

...increased

Term

 

 

growth of banking in Western Europe

Definition

-helped facilitate trade

-allowed finances and investements

-suggests an increase in the use of money

Term

 

 

In the 14th century, the Church was weakened by....

 

Definition

-leaders more interested in politics than religion

-disputes over the Papacy (Babylonian Captivity)

-heresies in several countries

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