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Chapter 9: Joints
Cards based on the outline for Ch.9
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/06/2016

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Cards

Term
Define joint
Definition
Where rigid parts of a skeleton meet
Term
What are the three articulations of joints?
Definition
1. bone to bone
2. bone to cartilage
3. teeth in bony sockets
Term
What is the general functions of joints?
Definition
movement and stability
Term
Definition of synarthroses?
Definition
immovable joints (ex. cranial sutures)
Term
Definition of amphiarthrroses?
Definition
slightly movable joints (ex. pubic symphysis)
Term
Definition of diarthrosis?
Definition
freely movable joints (ex. shoulder joint)
Term
What are the three structural types of joints?
Definition
1. fibrous joint - DCT join bones
2. cartilaginous joint - cartilage
3. synovial joint - joint capsule and accessory ligaments
Term
What is the purpose of the articular discs (or menisci) in a synovial joint?
Definition
allows 2 different shaped bones to fit tightly
Term
What is the purpose of a bursae in a synovial joint?
Definition
a sac-like structure between skin/bone or tendon/bone or joint to reduce friction
Term
What is a tendon sheath?
Definition
an elongated bursae around a tendon
Term
How does an articular surface influence joint stability?
Definition
helps the bones fit together nicely and seldom play a role in joint stability
Term
How does a ligament influence joint stability?
Definition
hold the bones together and prevent excessive or undesirable movements
Term
How does muscle tone influence joint stability?
Definition
keeping tension on the muscle tendons that cross over the joints
Term
Gliding
Definition
flat surfaces of two bones slip across each other
Term
Flextion
Definition
decreases the angle between the bones
Term
Extension
Definition
increasing the angle between the bones, straightening
Term
Hyperextension
Definition
bending a joint back beyond its normal range
Term
Abduction
Definition
moving away from the body's midline
Term
Adduction
Definition
moving toward the body's midline
Term
Circumduction
Definition
moving in a circle (combining flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction)
Term
Medial Rotation
Definition
the limbs anterior surface turns toward the median plane
Term
Lateral Rotation
Definition
the limb's anterior surface turns away from the medial plane
Term
Elevation
Definition
lifting a body part superiorily
Term
Depression
Definition
moving the elevated part inferiorily
Term
Protraction
Definition
moving a body part in the anterior direction (jutting out your jaw)
Term
Retraction
Definition
moving a body part in the posterior direction (tucking your jaw in)
Term
Supination
Definition
Rotating so the limb is facing anteriorly (it's lying on its "back")
Term
Pronation
Definition
Rotating so the limb is facing posteriorly (it's lying on its "belly")
Term
Inversion
Definition
ex. turning the sole of your foot medially
Term
Eversion
Definition
ex. turning the sole of your foot laterally
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
lifting the foot so its superior surface approaches the shin
Term
Plantarflexion
Definition
depressing the foot, elevating the heel
Term
What are the six types of synovial joints?
Definition
1. Plane joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Pivot joint
4. Condyloid joint
5. Saddle joint
6. Ball-and-Socket joint
Term
What are the possible movements of a plane joint? give examples and articulations of each example
Definition
movement: short gliding or translational movements
example: carpal bones
Term
What are the possible movements of a hinge joint?
give examples and articulations of each example
Definition
movement: flexion and extension in a med/lat axis
example: elbow joint (trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna)
Term
What are the possible movements of a pivot joint?
give examples and articulations of each example
Definition
movement: rotation in a verticle axis
example: proximal radioulnar joint (head of radius and radial notch of ulna)
Term
What are the possible movements of a condyloid joint? give examples and articulation of each example
Definition
movement: flexion/extension in a med/lat axis, adduction/abduction in a ant/post axis
example: metacarpophalangeal joint (metacarpal and distal phalange)
Term
What are the possible movements of a saddle joint?
give examples and articulations of each example
Definition
movement: adduction/abduction in med/lat axis, flextion/extension in ant/post axis
example: thumb joint (trapezium and metacarpal 1)
Term
What are the possible movements of ball-and-socket joints? give examples and articulation of each example
Definition
movement: flexion/extension in med/lat axis, adduction/abduction in ant/post axis, rotation in vertical axis
example: shoulder joint (glenoid cavity of scapula and head of humerus)
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