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Chapter 9
Anthony's Anatomy - Chapter 9 studycards
42
Anatomy
12th Grade
11/10/2007

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Term
List 3 structural classifications of joints.
Definition
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
Term
List 3 functional classifications of joints.
Definition
Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses
Term
List 3 fibrous(synarthroses) joints.
Definition
Syndesmoses, Sutures, Gomphoses
Term
List 2 cartilaginous(amphiarthroses) joints
Definition
Synchondroses, Symphyses
Term
What are syndesmoses?
Definition
Joints where fibrous bands(ligaments) connect two bones.
Term
This type of joint is found only in the skull.
Definition
Suture
Term
In what type of people do sutures become ossified?
Definition
Older adults, form extremely strong lines of fusion.
Term
Gomphoses
Definition
Occur between the root of a tooth and aveolar process of the mandible of maxilla.
Term
Fibrous tissue between the tooth's root and the aveolar process is called the _________.
Definition
Periodontal membrane
Term
Sutures are ____ types of joints.
Definition
Imoveable, fibrous(synarthroses)
Term
How do most sutures look?
Definition
Teethlike projections jut out from adjacent bones and interlock with each other with only a thin layer of fibrous tissue between them.
Term
The joint between the distal ends of the radius and ulna are _______.
Definition
Radioulnar interosseous ligament
Term
Joint classified as fibrous but still allows movement because of ligament flexibility.
Definition
Radioulnar interosseous ligament
Term
Synarthroses(fibrous joints) - amount of movement
Definition
Very limited movement in some fibrous joints, but most are fixed.
Term
An example of syndesmoses joint.
Definition
Radioulnar interosseous ligament
Term
An example of suture.
Definition
Coronal suture, lumboidal suture, etc.
Term
An example of gomphosis.
Definition
Aveolar process of maxiall, mandible and root of tooth.
Term
What are cartilaginous joints(amphiarthroses)?
Definition
Bones that articulate by either using hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
Term
How much movement do cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses) allow?
Definition
Only very limited movment between bones in certain circumstances.
Example: During childbirth symphysis pubis facilitates the baby's passage through pelvis.
Term
Synchondroses
Definition
Bones that have hyaline cartilage between articulating bones.
Term
Example of synchondroses?
Definition
Articulation between the first rib and sternum.
Term
The epiphyseal plate is what type of cartilaginous joint?
Definition
Synchondroses
Term
What kind of joint is symphyses?
Definition
A pad or disk of fibrocartilage connects two bones.
Term
Give 2 examples of symphyses joints.
Definition
Symphysis pubis, articulation between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.
Term
The points of contact between articular facets of adjacent vertebrae are considered _______ joints.
Definition
Synovial
Term
Synovial(diarthroses) joints
Definition
Freely moveable, most numerous and most complex joints. Most bones in appendicular skeleton are these.
Term
List 7 structures of a synovial(diarthroses) joint.
Definition
Joint capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, joint cavity, Menisci(articular disks), ligaments, bursae
Term
List 3 types of synovial(diarthroses) joints.
Definition
Uniaxial, Biaxial, Multiaxial
Term
Joint capsule(synovial joint)
Definition
Extension of the periosteum of each of the articulating bones. Capsule forms complete casing around the ends of bones, binding the to each other.
Term
Synovial membrane(synovial joint)
Definition
Moist, slippery membrane that lines the inner surface of the joint capsule. Attaches to articular cartilage. Secretes synovial fluid, which lubricates and nourishes the inner joint surface.
Term
Articular cartilage(synovial joint)
Definition
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering and cushioning the articular surfaces of bones.
Term
Joint cavity(synovial joint)
Definition
Small space between the surfaces of the two bones of the joint. Absence of tissue between articulating bones surfaces is what allows extensive movement.
Term
Menisci(articular disks) - (synovial joint)
Definition
Pads of fibrocartilage located between the articulating ends of bones in some diarthroses. The knee joint contains two menisci.
Term
Ligaments(synovial joint)
Definition
Strong cords of dense, white fibrous tissue at most synovial joints. These grow between the bones, lashing them together.
Term
Bursae(synovial joint)
Definition
Some joints contain this, pillow like structure formed of synovial membrane. Function to cushion the joint and facilitate movement of tendons.
Term
Bursitis
Definition
Inflammation of the bursa, because of excessive us of knee, elbow joints(where bursa are found). Treated with immobilization of joint and use of anti inflammatory drugs.
Term
Uniaxial joints
Definition
Permit movement around only one axis and in only one plane.
Term
Biaxial joint
Definition
Diarthroses that permit movements around two perpendicular axes in two perpendicular planes.
Term
Multiaxial joints
Definition
Permit movements around three or more axes and in three or more planes.
Term
Types, functions, examples of uniaxial joints.
Definition
Hinge joints - permit only back and forth movements, flexion and extension., trochlea and semi ulnar notch.

Pivot joints - projection of one bone articulates with a ring or notch of another bone. For rotation, examples are : projection of second cervical vertebra that articulate with ring shaped portion of first cervical vertebra. Head of radius that articulates with radial notch of ulna.
Term
2 types of biaxial joints and examples.
Definition
Saddle joints - only two in body, one in each body; Condyloid joints - condyles of the occipital bone fit into eleliptical depressions of the atlas; distal end of radius fits into depressions of the carpal bones.
Term
List 2 multiaxial joints, and examples
Definition
Ball and socket joints(spheroid joints - most movable joints. Example shoulder and hip bones.

Gliding joints - joints between articular surfaces of successive vertebrae. Least movable joints.
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