Term
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Definition
| synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses |
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Term
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Definition
immovable joints, can be fibrous or cartilaginous
Ex.cranial and facial bones of skull, maxilla/teeth, mandible/teeth |
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Term
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Definition
slightly movable joints, can be fibrous or cartilaginous
Ex. L5/sacrum, intervertebral |
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Term
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Definition
freely movable joints (synovial joints)
Ex. |
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Term
| 3 types of synarthroses structures |
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Definition
suture, located only between the bones of the skull
gomphosis, binds the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillae and mandible
synostosis, frontal suture of the frontal bone, the fusion of an infant's l.and R. mandibular bones |
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Term
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Definition
A fibrous amphiarthrosis joint, bones are connected by a ligament.
Ex. the distal joint between the tibia and fibula |
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Term
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Definition
A cartilaginous amphiarthrosis joint, the articulating bones are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage.
Ex. Joint between the 2 pubic bones (pubic symphosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| A diarthosis joint. Typically found at the ends of long bones (upper and lower limbs) |
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Term
| 3 planes of movement of a synovial joint |
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Definition
Monoaxial:movement in one plane (elbow, ankle)
Biaxial: movement in 2 planes (ribs & wrist)
Triaxial: movement in 3 planes (hip & shoulder) |
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Term
| joint capsule (articular capsule) |
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Definition
| surrounds the synovial joint; contains an inner synovial membrane & an outer fibrous capsule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Covers the bony surfaces at a synovial joint; resembles hyaline cartilage but has no perichondrium. Surface slick and smooth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A clear, viscous solution, contains proteoglycans and high concentration of hyaluronan secreted by fibroblasts of the synovial membrane. |
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Term
| 3 functions of synovial fluid |
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Definition
(1)Lubrication
(2)Nutrient distribution
(3)Shock absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| A pad of fibrocartilage located between opposing bones within a synovial joint. May subdivide a cavity, channel the flow of synovial fluid, or allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| Localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a layer of synovial membrane. Protect the articular cartilages, act as packing material |
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Term
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Definition
| Support, strengthen, and reinforce synovial joints |
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Term
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Definition
| Localized thickenings of the joint capsule (capsular ligaments) |
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Term
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Definition
| Separate from the joint capsule; intracapsular (inside the joint capsule), or extracapsular (outside the joint capsule) |
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Term
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Definition
| A ligament is stretched so much that some of the collagen fibers are torn. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not part of the joint, they pass across or around a joint to limit the joint's ROM or provide mechanical support for it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, thin, fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue. Contain synovial fluid, lined by a synovial membrane. May be connected to the joint cavity or separate from it.Form where a tendon or ligament rubs against other tissues.Located around most synovial joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduce friction and act as shock absorbers. |
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Term
| Factors responsible for limiting the range of motion, stabilizing the joint, & reducing chance of injury |
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Definition
Collagen fibers
Shapes of the articulating surfaces and menisci
The presence of other bones, fat pads, or skeletal muscles around the joint
Tension in tendons attached to the articulating bones |
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Term
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Definition
| When 2 opposing surfaces slide past one another. Between articulating carpal & tarsal bones, between the clavicles and the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction |
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Term
| 6 types of synovial joints |
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Definition
| Gliding, hinge, condylar, saddle, pivot, and ball-and-socket joints |
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Term
| Gliding joint (plane joint) |
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Definition
Have flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide across one another. Slight amount of movement.
Ex:sacroiliac joint, vertebraocostal joint |
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Term
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Definition
Permit angular monaxial movement, like opening and closing a door.
Ex: Elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints |
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Term
| Condylar joint (ellipsoidal joint) |
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Definition
Have angular, biaxial movement.
Ex: Radiocarpal joint, metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 |
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Term
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Definition
Fit together like a rider in a saddle, one surface is concave and the other is convex.Permits angular biaxial movement.
Ex: 1st carpometacarpal joint (thumb) |
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Term
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Definition
Only permit rotation, monoaxial movement.
Ex: Atlantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint |
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Term
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Definition
Permits angular, ciucumduction, and rotation movement.
Ex: hip and shoulder joints |
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Term
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Definition
| Pads of fibrocartilage between the bones of the vertebrae. The bodies of vertebrae form symphyseal joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tough outer layer of fibrocartilage around each vertebral disc. Surrounds the nucleus pulposus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soft, elastic, gelatinous core of the intervertebral disc. Gives the disc resiliency and enables it to absorb shocks |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage, cover the superior and inferior surfaces of the discs |
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Term
| The discs account for how much of the vertebral column? |
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Definition
| About 1/4 the length of the vertbral column. Water loss from the discs causes decrease in height with age. |
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Term
| Anterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| Connects the anterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies. |
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Term
| posterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| Connects the posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| Interconnects the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum.Is continuous with the ligamentum nuchae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends from C7 to the base of the skull. Is continuous with the supraspinous ligament. |
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Term
| Movements across the intervertebral joints of the vertebral column |
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Definition
Flexion (bending anteriorly)
Extension (bending posteriorly)
Lateral extension (bending laterally)
Rotation |
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Term
| Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) |
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Definition
| Permits the greatest ROM of any joint. Is a ball-and-socket diarthrosis, formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. |
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Term
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Definition
| increases the glenoid cavity;is fibrocartilaginous. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis |
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Term
| Ligaments that help stabilize the shoulder joint |
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Definition
| coracohumeral, coracoacromial, coracoclavicular, glenohumeral, and acromioclavicular |
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Term
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Definition
| subacromial bursa, subdeltoid bursa, subcoracoid bursa, and the subscapular bursa |
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Term
| What bones are involved in the elbow joint? |
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Definition
| Humerus, radius, and ulna |
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Term
| What kind of joint is the elbow joint? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The largest and strongest articulation at the elbow; the trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna. |
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Term
| What limits the degree of extension of the elbow? |
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Definition
| A combination of the trochear notch and the olecranon |
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Term
| What determines the plane of movement of the elbow? |
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Definition
| The shape of the trochlear notch of the ulna. |
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Term
| Where do the muscles that extend the elbow attach? |
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Definition
| To the rough surface of the olecranon. |
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Term
| What nerve controls the muscles that extend the elbow? |
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Definition
| The radial nerve, which passes along the radial groove of the humerus |
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Term
| What muscle covers the anterior surface of the arm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does contraction of the biceps brachii produce? |
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Definition
| Supination of the forearm and flexion at the elbow. |
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Term
| Why is the elbow joint extremely stable? |
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Definition
1.The bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock.
2.A single, thick, articular capsule surrounds both the humeroulnar and proximal radioulnar joints.
3.Strong ligaments reinforce the articular capsule. |
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Term
| What is "nursemaid's elbow"? |
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Definition
| A partial dislocation of the radial head from the annular ligament. |
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Term
| What ligament binds the head of the radius to the ulna? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ligament stabilizes the lateral surface of the elbow joint? |
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Definition
| The radial collateral ligament. |
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Term
| What type of joint is the hip joint? |
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Definition
| A ball-and-socket joint. It permits flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A projecting rim of fibrocartilage, increases the depth of the hip joint cavity & helps to seal in synovial fluid. |
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Term
| What makes the hip joint extremely stable? |
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Definition
| A combination of an almost complete bony socket, a strong articular capsule, supporting ligaments, and muscular padding. |
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Term
| The knee has 3 separate articulations. |
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Definition
| 2 between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and tibia, and one is between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur. |
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Term
| 7 major ligaments that stabilize the knee joint |
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Definition
1.patellar ligament
2,3.Popliteal ligaments
4,5.anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL)
6,7.medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL) |
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Term
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Definition
| A general term for pain and stiffness affecting the musculoskeletal system. |
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Term
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Definition
| means joint inflammation. Encompasses all the rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints. |
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Term
| What kind of joint is the shoulder? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A ball-and-socket diarthrosis formed between the acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hinge diarthrosis which permits only flexion-extension whose capsule is reinforced by strong ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
| A hinge joint made up of 3 articulations, it permits flexion-extension and limited rotation. |
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