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Chapter 9
Muscles and Muscle Tissues
35
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
06/21/2011

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Term
Who ahas greater amounts of muscle tissue, men or women-what are they average percentages for each
Definition

Men-40-50%

Women-30-40%

Term
Does muscle tissue aid in the involvment of movement with the skeleton
Definition
True
Term
what is the terminology for muscle
Definition
myo-/-mys
Term
what is the terminology for flesh
Definition
sarco-
Term
what is the terminology for husk
Definition
-lemma
Term
what are the functional characteristics of muscle tissue
Definition
multiple functions: excitable, contractile, extensible, elastic
Term
what are the muscle functions for the body
Definition
providing movement, maintaining posture, stabilize joints & generate body heat
Term
Intact muscle is structurally organized into bundles that are seperated by connective tissue sheaths, what is the CT sheaths main purpose
Definition
support & reinforce muscle to prevent "bursting" during strong contractions
Term
Explain the gross anatomy of a single muscle fiber-to a fascicle bundle-to a muscle
Definition
single muscle fibers are bundled together to form a fascicle, between each of the single muscle fibers is endomysium.  Each fascicle is wrapped by perimysium.  These fascicles are then bundled together and are wrapped by epimysium
Term
What is the gross to microscopic anatomy of the muscle
Definition
muscle, fascicles, muscle fibers, myofibrils, & thick and thin filaments
Term
explain what a fascia is
Definition
fascia is the lining that covers the entire muscle
Term
explain what the epimysium is
Definition
the epimysium wraps each of the fascicle bundles
Term
explain what the perimysium is
Definition
the perimysium is the lining that wraps each fascicle
Term
explain what the endomysium is
Definition
the endomysium is the lining between each of the individual muscle fibers
Term
is each muscle innervated
Definition
each muscle is innervated by one nerve, one artery & at least one vein
Term
Explain how skeletal muscles attach to the body
Definition
The skeletal muscle will attach to bone, cartilage or other muscles in at least two places: the origin (anchoring site) and the insertion area (to movable bone)
Term
what is direct attachment of skeletal muscle
Definition
when the epimysium fuses directly to the perichondrium or the periosteum
Term
what is indirect attachment of skeletal muscle
Definition
when skeletal muscle is anchored through tendons or aponeuroses
Term
each multinucleated muscle fiber is surrounded by
Definition
sarcolemma & contains sarcoplasm within them
Term
what does the sarcoplasm contain
Definition
it contains large amounts of glycoproteins, myoglobin (re, oxygen-storing pigments), myofirils & specialized sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do
Definition
stores calcium like the smooth endoplasmic reticulum does
Term
within each myofibril there are multiple components, what are they
Definition
thin filaments which are actin, thick filaments which are myosin, Z discs, H zones
Term
what is a sarcomere
Definition
is one i band to a second i band (This is from one Z disc to another Z disc)
Term
What is the A band
Definition
contains the thin actin, thick myosin, and H zone
Term
Each muscle cell has multiple myofibrils, around each myfibril is what
Definition
smooth sarcoplasmic reticulum
Term
what are I bands
Definition
composed of thin actin filaments
Term
what are A bands
Definition
composed of thick myosin filaments
Term
What is the H zone
Definition
the H zone is where neither actin nor myosin filaments overlap
Term
what is the Z line
Definition
within I bands that consist of proteins that hold actin filaments in place
Term
what is the M line
Definition
In A bands, consists of proteins that hold myosin filaments in place
Term
Explain the structure of myofilaments
Definition

myofilaments are thick filaments composed of myosin

 

each myosin molecule has two heads and a tail, with an ATP binding site

Term
How are myofilaments: thin filaments arranged
Definition
myfilaments: thin filaments are arranged into two helical actin strands, troponin, and tropomyosin
Term
what does the tropomyosin strand do
Definition
it helps stiffen actin core, and blocks actin's myosin binding sites at rest
Term
what is troponin
Definition

this is a 3-polypeptide complex

-TnI: inhibitory subunit, binds to actin

-TnT: binds to tropomyosin, helps position it on actin

-TnC: binds calcium ions

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