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Chapter 9 skeletal muscles
skeletal muscles
53
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/27/2012

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Term
What is the skeletal muscle overview?
Definition

• Muscle is one of the four primary tissue types.

• Skeletal muscles are organs that include all four basic tissue types.

- Consists primarily of skeletal muscle cells.

• More than 700 skeletal muscles are found in the body.

• Contractile organs that are directly or indirectly attached to the skeleton.

Term
What is the functions of the skeletal muscle?
Definition

- Produces skeltal movement

- Maintains posture and body position

- Supports soft tissues

- Regulates entering and existing of material

- Maintains body temperature

Term
What is Produces skeletal movement?
Definition

- muscle contractions pull on

tendons and move the bones of the skeleton

Term
What is maintains posture and body position in the skeletal muscle?
Definition

• Constant muscular contraction of specific muscles

      - Balancing the weight of the body while walking

 - Holding the head in positions while reading

Term
 What is the support soft tissues in the skeletal muscle?
Definition
- the abdominal wall and floor of the pelvic cavity consist of layers of skeletal muscle that support the weight of visceral organs and help to protect internal tissues from injury.
Term
What is regulates entering and existing of materials in the skeletal muscle?
Definition
- openings (orifices) of the digestive and urinary tracts are   encircled by skeletal muscle
Term
What is maintains body temperature in the skeletal muscle? 
Definition

• Muscle contractions require energy, and whenever energy is used in body, some of it is converted to heat

- Heat lost by contracting muscles keeps our body

temperature in a normal range

Term
What is Gross anatomy connective tissue?
Definition

-Epimysium

-Perimysium

-Endomysium

Term
What is epimysium in gross anatomy connective tissues?
Definition

• Outer layer that surrounds the entire muscle

- Separates the muscle from the surrounding tissues and organs and is connected to the deep fascia of the connective tissue framework

- Dense irregular connective tissue

Term
What is Perimysium in gross anatomy connective tissue?
Definition

• Divides the muscles into a series of internal

compartments each containing a bundle of muscle fibers

called a fascicle.

- Contains collagen and elastic fibers.

Term
What is Endomysium in gross anatomy connective tissue?
Definition

• Surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber and binds it to its neighbor

        - Supports capillaries that supply the individual fibers

          - Consists of a delicate network of reticular fibers

     - Scattered myosatellite cells lie between the endomysium and the muscle fibers

                          - Function in the repair of damaged muscle fibers

Term
What is gross anatomy connective tissue?
Definition

• The connective tissue fibers of the endomysium and perimysium are interwoven.

• Collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium and

endomysium converge to form the fibrous tendon (dense

regular connective tissue) that attaches muscle to bone, skin or another muscle.

• Tendon fibers are interwoven into the periosteum and matrix of the associated bone. Bone is extremely strong so that any contraction of a muscle will exert a pull on the attached bone

Term
What is gross anatomy- Nerves?
Definition

• Skeletal muscles are called voluntary because their

contractions can be consciously controlled.

• The connective tissues contain the nerves and blood vessels that supply the muscle fibers.

• Nerves penetrate the epimysium and branch through the

perimysium and enter the endomysium to innervate individual muscle fibers.

• Somatic nervous system.

Term
What is somatic nervous systems?
Definition
- provides voluntary control of skeletal muscle only.
Term
What is Neuromuscular junction in Gross anatomy- Nerves?
Definition

•Where the chemical communication between the synaptic

terminal of a neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber occurs

• Each muscle fiber has one neuromuscular junction, usually located midway along its length

 

Term
What is skeletal muscle organization?
Definition

1)  Whole muscle

2)  Muscle fascicles

3)  Muscle fiber (cell)

4)  Myofibril

5)  Myofilaments

             - Actin-thin filament

                 - Myosin- thick filament

Term
What is arrangement of skeletal muscle Fibers?
Definition

• Muscle fibers within a skeletal muscle form bundles called fascicles

• The muscle fibers of each fascicle lie parallel to one another, but the organization of the fascicles in the skeletal muscle can vary.

• There are four different patterns of fascicle arrangement:

Term
What are the four different patterns of fascicle arrangement?
Definition

- Parallel

- Convergent

- Pennate

- Circular

Term
What is Parallel?
Definition

• Fascicles are parallel to the long axis of the muscle

• Most skeletal muscles in the body are parallel muscles

• These muscles have a central body (belly)

•When this muscle contracts, it gets shorter and the body increases in diameter

• Ex- biceps brachii

Term
What is Convergent?
Definition

• Fibers are based over a broad.

area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site.

• Muscle fibers often spread, out like a fan, with a tendon at the tip.

• Have versatility.?

• Use of different portions of the same muscle can flex, extend or abduct an arm.

•When they all contract at once they do not pull as hard on the tendon as a parallel muscle of the same size.

• Muscle fibers on opposite sides of the tendon pull in

different directions rather than working together.

• Ex- pectoralis major muscle.

Term
What is versatility of Convergent?
Definition

- the direction of pull can be changed by

stimulating only one group of muscle cells at a time.

Term
What is Pennate?
Definition

• One or more tendons runs through the body of the muscle.

• Fascicles form an oblique angle to the tendon.

• Because these muscles pull at an angle, contracting pennate muscles do not move their tendons as far as parallel muscles do.

• Contain more muscle fibers than a parallel muscle and as a result, generate more tension than that of a parallel muscle of the same size.

Term
What is Circular?
Definition

• Fibers are concentrically arranged an opening or recess.

•When the muscle contract, the diameter of the opening decreases.

• Guards the entrances and exits of internal passageways such as the digestive and urinary tracts.

• Ex- Orbicularis oris.

Term
What are the muscle Terminology?
Definition

Origin

Insertion

Action

 

Term
What is Origin?
Definition
remains stationary, proximal to the insertion
Term
What is Insertion?
Definition
moves, distal to the origin
Term
What are some examples of these terminologys?
Definition

• The triceps inserts on the olecranon process and originates closer to the shoulder.

• The deltoid originates on the scapular spine and inserts on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.

Term
What is a Primary action of muscle groups?
Definition

- Prime movers (agonists

- Synergists

-Antagonist

Term
What is Prime movers (agonists)?
Definition
-muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement such as flexion at the elbow (biceps brachii)
Term
What is Synergists?
Definition

• Assist the prime mover in performing the action.

- May provide additional pull near the insertion or stabilize the point of origin.

- Ex- the teres major is a synergist to the latissimus dorsi.

Term
What is antagonist?
Definition

• Actions oppose that of the agonist.

- Ex- biceps brachii (flexion), triceps brachii (extension).

Term

Naming of skeletal muscule?

Like Shape? Example?

Like Location? Example?

Definition

• Shapes

• Trapezius- trapezoid

• Orbicularis- circle

• Deltoid- triangle

• Location

• Externus or superficialis- muscles visible at the body surface

• Internus or profundus- muscles lying beneath the superficial muscles

Term
Naming of skeletal muscle?
Definition

Shape 

location

Attachment

Orientation of fibers

Specific structural features

function

Term
What is attachment on naming of skeletal muscle?
Definition

•origin and insertion

- Stylohyoid

- Sternocleidomastoid

Term
What is Stylohyoid?
Definition

originates on the styloid process of the temporal

bone and inserts on the hyoid bone

Term
What is Sternocleidomastoid?
Definition

originates on the sternum and clavicle

and inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone

Term
What is Orientation of fibers?
Definition

Rectus

Transverse

Oblique

Term
What is Rectus?
Definition
parallel to the midline (rectus abdominis, femoris)
Term
What is Transverse?
Definition

perpendicular to the midline (transverse

abdominis)

Term
What is Oblique?
Definition
diagonal to the midline (external oblique).
Term
What is Specific structural features?
Definition

Biceps

Triceps

Quadriceps

Term
What is Biceps?
Definition
has two tendons of origin
Term
What is triceps?
Definition
has three tendons of origin
Term
What is Quadriceps?
Definition
has four tendons of origin.
Term
What is Functions?
Definition

• Action

-Flexor

-Ectensor

Term
What is Flexor?
Definition
flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
What is Extensor?
Definition
- extensor carpi ulnaris
Term
What is Size?
Definition

Longus

Brevis

Major

Maximus

Minor

Minimus

 

Term
Longus means?
Definition
Long (radialis longus)
Term
Brecis means?
Definition
Short (radialis brevis)
Term
Major mean?
Definition
Bigger (pectoralis major)
Term
Minor means?
Definition
Smaller (teres minor)
Term
Minimus mean?
Definition
Smallest (gluteus minimus)
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