Term
| Where does lactic acid go? |
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Definition
| The lactic acid defuses out of the muscles and into the blood stream then it is picked up by the liver, heart, or kidney cells. |
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Term
| When muscle contractile activity reaches 70% what happens? |
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Definition
- Muscles start to buldge and compress blood vessels.
- Oxygen delivery is impared.
- Pruvic acid is turned into lactic acid.
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Term
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Definition
| Thee muscle is in a state of physiological inability to contract. |
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Term
| 4 reasons muscle fatigue happens |
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Definition
- ATP production fails to keep up with ATP use.
- There is a realtive deficit of ATP causing contracture.
- Lactic acid accumulates in the muscle.
- Ionic imbalances are present
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Term
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Definition
Intense exercise produces rapid muscle fatigue with rapid recovery.
- Na+-K+ pumps cant restore ionic balances fast enough.
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Term
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Definition
Low intensity exercise produces slow developing fatigue.
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Term
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Definition
The extra amount of oxygen needed for the restoration processes.
↓
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oxygen reserves must be replenished.
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lactic acid must be converted to pyruvic acid
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glycogen stores must be replaced.
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ATP and CP reserved must be resythesized.
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Term
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Definition
- Only 40% of energy released in muscle activity is useful as work.
- The other 60% is given off as heat.
- High heat levels are prevented by radiation of heat from the skin and sweating.
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Term
| What is the force of contraction affected by? |
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Definition
- The number of muscle fibers
- How bulky the muscle fibers are.
- Frequency of stimulation
- Degree of muscle stretch- muscles contract strongest when they are 80-120% of their normal resing length.
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Term
| How is the speed of contaction determined? |
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Definition
| By speed in which the ATPases split ATP. |
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Term
| 3 funtional characteristics of muscle fiber types |
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Definition
- Slow oxidative fibers- contract slowly, have slow acting myosin ATPases and are fatigue resistant.
- Fast ovidative fibers- contract quickly, have fast myosin ATPases and have moderate resistance to fatigue.
- Fast glycolytic fibers- contract quickly, have fast myosin ATPases and are easily fatigued.
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Term
| Smooth muscle shape, organization of layers, location, connective tissue. |
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Definition
- Spindle shaped
- Organized into 2 layers→longitudinal and circular.
- Found in walls of hollow organs.
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Term
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Definition
| Alternating contactions and relaxations of smooth muscles that mix and squeeze substances through the lumen of hollow organs. |
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Term
| Innervation of smooth muscle. |
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Definition
- Smooth muscle lacks nueromuscular junctions.
- Innervating nerves of automonous nervous systems have bullous swellings called varicosities.
- Varicosities release nuerotransmitters into wide synaptic clefts called defuse juncions.
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Term
| How is the SR and myofiliments different from the skeletal muscle? |
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Definition
| SR is less developed and lacks a specific pattern relative to myofilaments. |
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Term
| Smooth muscle has no ______, and no_______. |
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Definition
- Visible striations
- Sarcomeres
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Term
| Proportion and organization of myofilaments in smooth muscles. |
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Definition
- Thick and then filaments are present
- The ration of thick to think filaments are much lower than in skeletal muscle.
- Arranged diagonally causing smooth muscle to contract in a corkscrew way.
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Term
| Whole sheets of smooth muscle exhibit what? |
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Definition
| Slow synchronized contraction. |
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