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Chapter 9 Joints
N/A
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/12/2011

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Term
Joint (articulation)
Definition
any point where two bones meet
Term
arthrology
Definition
science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction
Term
kinesiology
Definition
study of musculo-skeletal movement
Term
biomechanics
Definition
the broad variety of movements and mechanical processes in the body - including kinesiology
Term
bony joint (synostosis)
Definition
an immovable joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and becomes one bone
Term
fibrous joint (synarthrosis or synarthrodial joint)
Definition
point at which adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space bewtween them, and penetrate into the other
Term
what are the three fibrous types of joints?
Definition
sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses
Term
sutures
Definition
immobile or only slightly movable fibrous joints that closely bind the bones of the skull to each other
Term
what are the three different kinds of sutures?
Definition
serrate, lap and plane
Term
serrate sutures
Definition
appear as wavy lines along which the adjoining bones firmly interlock with each other by their serrated margins- like a jigsaw puzzle
Term
what are the three examples of a serrate suture?
Definition
coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid
Term
lap sutures
Definition
where two bones have overlapping beveled edges
Term
what is an example of a lap suture?
Definition
squamous suture
Term
plane suture
Definition
where two bones have straight nonoverlapping edges
Term
where is the lap suture seen in the skull?
Definition
between the palatine processes of the maxillae in the roof of the mouth
Term
example of gomphoses
Definition
the teeth- held firmly in the socket by fibrous ligament, which consists of collagen fibers that extend from the bone matrix of the jaw into the dental tissue.
Term
syndesmosis
Definition
is a fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by relatively long collagenous fibers
Term
cartilaginous joint (amphiarthrosis or amphiarthrodial joint)
Definition
two bones are linked by cartilage
Term
synchondrosis
Definition
a joint in which the bones are bound by hyaline cartilage
Term
symphysis
Definition
two bones are joined by fibrocartilage
Term
Synovial joint (diarthrosis or diarthrodial joint)
Definition
most familiar type of joint, there are six different kinds and some are freely movable and others have more limited mobility
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
a layer of hyaline cartilage normally 2-3 mm thick that covers two adjacent bones in a synovial joint
Term
joint -articular- cavity
Definition
narrow space between the articular cartilage surfaces of the bones that contains synovial fluid
Term
synovial fluid
Definition
a slippery lubricant that nourishes the articular cartilages, removes their wastes, and makes movements at synovial joints almost friction-free
Term
joint- articular- capsule
Definition
a connective tissue that encloses the cavity and retains its fluid
Term
fibrous capsule
Definition
outer capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the adjoing bones and an inner synovial membrane
Term
synovial membrane
Definition
inner membrane of the joint capsule, composed mainly of fibroblast-like cells that secrete the fluid and is populated by macrophages that remove debris from the joint cavity
Term
articular disc
Definition
fibrocartilage that has grown inward from the joint capsule and forms a pad between the articulating joints
Term
meniscus
Definition
in the knee, the two cartilages that extend inward from the left to right but do not entirely cross the joint
Term
tendon
Definition
a strip or sheet of tough collagenous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
Term
ligament
Definition
similar to a tendon, it connects a bone to a bone
Term
bursa
Definition
a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, located between two adjacent muscles, where a tendon passes over a bone, or between bone and skin
Term
tendon -synovial- sheaths
Definition
elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon
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