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Chapter 8
(Ch.8) Joint Articulations
26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/08/2013

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Term
joint
Definition
site where two bones meet
Term
allows mobility
holds bones together
Definition
functions of joints
Term
synarthroses
Definition
immovable joints (axial skeleton)
Term
amphiarthroses
Definition
slightly movable joints (axial skeleton)
Term
diarthroses
Definition
freely movable joints (appendicular skeleton)
Term
fibrous
Definition
bones are joined by dense regular (fibrous) connective tissue
no joint cavities present
Term
cartilaginous
Definition
bones are connected by cartilage connective tissue
no joint cavity present
Term
synovial
Definition
bones are separated by a fluid filled joint cavity (diarthrotic)
Term
sutures
Definition
bones interlock and contain minimal amount of dense regular connective tissue
synarthrotic
ex: skull
Term
syndemoses
Definition
bones are connected by a cord or band of dense regular connective tissue (ligament)
synarthrotic or amphiarthrotic
ex: distal ligament connecting tibia and fibula (syn)
interosseus membrane (amp.)
Term
gomphoses
Definition
"peg" held in socket by minimal amount of dense regular connective tissue
synarthrotic
ex: teeth in bony sockets of jaw
Term
synchondroses
Definition
bones connected by bar or plate of hyaline cartilage connective tissue
synarthrotic
ex: first rib and manubrium of sternum
epiphyseal plate
Term
symphyses
Definition
pad of fibrocartilage between bones
amphiarthrotic
ex: intevertebral joints (b/t body of vertebra)
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
hyaline cartilage connective tissue covers surface of bones that meet
prevents ends of bones from being crushed
Term
synovial cavity
Definition
small space between bones
filled with viscous synovial fluid
reduces friction, resists compression, and allows wide range of motion
Term
articular capsule
Definition
double-layered membrane enclosing joint
composed of outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane
Term
outer fibrous capsule
Definition
dense irregular connective tissue continuous with outer layer of periosteum
Term
inner synovial membrane
Definition
produces synovial fluid
Term
ligaments
Definition
dense regular connective tissue
reinforces joint and attaches bone to bone
covers outside of all structures
prevents excess or undesirable movements
Term
tendon
Definition
dense regular connective tissue, attaches muscle to bone
crossing a joint assists in stabilizing joint
Term
bursa
Definition
flat sac filled with synovial fluid (inner lining is synovial membrane)
reduces friction
common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together
Term
tendon sheath
Definition
elongated bursa.
completely surrounds a tendon
eases movement and reduces friction
Term
meniscus
Definition
pad of fibrocartilage
located between articular surface of two bones
in joint cavity
absorbs shock, improves fit between articulating bones
Term
synovial joint
Definition
body movements occur when a muscle contracts (shortens) across a ________ joint
Term
subtypes of synovial joints are based on shape of articulating bones and type of movement allowed
Definition
subtypes of synovial joints are based on shape of articulating bones and type of movement allowed
Term
joints
Definition
weakest part of the skeleton
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