Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Chapter 8
N/a
76
Anatomy
12th Grade
01/11/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What kind of neurons are found in the brain?
Definition
Association neurons
Term
How many neurons are in the average adult brain?
Definition
100 billion
Term
Why does the brain use up 20% of the body's blood supply?
Definition
Making ATP
Term
Hypoxia
Definition
Blood supply cut off from neurons, so lysosomes in cell body burst and the neurons are destroyed
Term
What is the brain's only fuel?
Definition
Glucose
Term
Hypoglycemia
Definition
Glucose level in blood drops, making the mind foggy
Term
ischemic stroke
Definition
Blood clot cuts off supply to brain
Term
Hemorrhagic stroke
Definition
Blood vessel in brain bursts
Term
Gray matter
Definition
collections of nerve cell bodies and their assiciated neuroglia
Term
White matter
Definition
bundles of parallel axons and their sheaths
Term
What is gray matter in the CNS known as?
Definition
Nuclei
Term
What is white matter in the CNS called?
Definition
tracts
Term
What are the three parts of the brainstem?
Definition
Pons, medulla, and midbrain
Term
Where is the point of decussation?
Definition
The medulla oblongata
Term
Decussation
Definition
A crossing over
Term
What does the medulla contain?
Definition
Nuclei that are control centers for the body's vital functions
Term
Vasomotor area
Definition
Controls dilation and constriction of blood vessels in the body
Term
Pons
Definition
Form a bridge between medulla and upper brainstem, and relay messages from cerebrum to cerebellum
Term
Midbrain
Definition
Sight and hearing
Term
Reticular formation
Definition
Nuclei in brainstem that recieve information from afferent nerves, especially those in the face
Term
Reticular activation system
Definition
determines cycle of waking and sleeping
Term
Diencephalon
Definition
Between brainstem and cerebrum, contains thalamus and hypothalamus
Term
Intermediate mass
Definition
Links two parts of the thalamus
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Sensory relay station, affects mood and body movements
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Effects emotion, controls pituitary gland, controls autonomic nervous system (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands), and body temperature
Term
Cerebrum
Definition
"Higher level" brain functions: reasoning, memory, taking messages from receptors in body
Term
Cortex
Definition
Outer surface of cerebrum, made of folded gray matter
Term
Gyri
Definition
Hills on cortex
Term
Sulci
Definition
Valleys on cortex
Term
Where are 75% of our neuron cell bodies located?
Definition
Cortex
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
Controls subconscious motor functions, equilibrium, sequencing of muscle contractions, muscle preset, and dampening (controls limbs during running etc)
Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
Allows two halves of cerebrum to communicate
Term
What brain part is much larger in humans than in animals?
Definition
Cerebrum
Term
What part of the brain is affected by tranquilizers?
Definition
Retinacular activation system
Term
Temporal lobe
Definition
Hearing, smell, memory, abstract thought
Term
Frontal lobe
Definition
Motor function, smell, mood
Term
Occipital lobe
Definition
Recieves and integrates visual senses
Term
Parietal lobe
Definition
All sensory things except for smell, vision, and hearing
Term
Primary somatic sensory area
Definition
Localizes sensations coming from every part of body
Term
Somatic sensory association area
Definition
determines nature of sensations felt (poke vs. light touch)
Term
Visual cortex
Definition
Determines shape, color, and size of objects in vision
Term
Visual association area
Definition
Compares images to past images (recognizing face etc)
Term
Primary auditory area
Definition
Volume and pitch
Term
Auditory association area
Definition
Recognition of past sounds
Term
Wernicke's area
Definition
Comprehends sounds into speech
Term
Olfactory area
Definition
Smell
Term
Primary motor area
Definition
controls basic skeletal movements
Term
Premotor area
Definition
Skilled muscle movements (writing, etc)
Term
Broca's area
Definition
works out fine details of muscle movement of speech
Term
Prefrontal area
Definition
Reason, motivation, personality
Term
Commissures
Definition
connections of nerve fibers which allow the two hemispheres of the brain to communicate with one another
Term
Basal nuclei
Definition
Lumps of gray matter that are involved in planning, initiating, maintaining, and terminating motor activity
Term
Corpus striatum
Definition
Lentiform nucleus and caudate nucleus
Term
Sub thalamic nucleus
Definition
In diencephalon
Term
Substantia nigra
Definition
in midbrain
Term
Limbic system
Definition

Influences pain, sensations of pleasure, mood, survival instincts, and the desire for foot, water, and reproducing

Term
Hippocampus
Definition
Memory
Term
Amygdaloid nucleus
Definition
Identifies emotions related to another person
Term
Ventricles
Definition
Produce cerebrospinal fluid
Term
Meninges
Definition
Surround and protect brain
Term
Dura mater
Definition
Meninges layer right beneath skull
Term
Arachnoid mater
Definition
Below dura mater
Term
Subdural space
Definition
Separates arachnoid mater and dura mater
Term
Pia mater
Definition
Closest meningeal layer to brain
Term
Subarachnoid space
Definition
Separates arachnoid mater and pia mater
Term
Meningitis
Definition
inflammation of the mininges
Term
Where is the majority of CSF produced?
Definition
lateral ventricles
Term
What do the cells do in your body to help the brain when the blood glucose level drops?
Definition
They use other sources of nutrition to save glucose for the brain
Term
What part of the brain is much larger in humans than in animals?
Definition
The cerebrum
Term
The underdevelopment of what part of the brain causes jerky movements?
Definition
The cerebellum
Term
What portion of the brain is affected by tranquilizers?
Definition
The reticular activation system
Term
If a person can not speak but can think of the words to say, what part of his brain is damaged?
Definition
Broca's area
Term
If a person feels numb all over what part of the brain is damaged?
Definition
The somatic sensory area
Term
If a person's hands shook uncontrollably, what part of the brain is damaged?
Definition
the basal nuclei
Term
What would a subdural hematoma do to the brain?
Definition
Put pressure on it
Term
Where are the cell bodies of the neurons which make up the ventral root?
Definition
the spinal cord
Supporting users have an ad free experience!