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chapter 8
Special Senses
37
Anatomy
12th Grade
02/02/2010

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Term
refraction
Definition
light bending
Term
accommodation
Definition

ability to focus for close vision

(under 20 feet)

Term
emmetropia
Definition
normal vision
Term
hyperopia
Definition

inability to focus well on close objects

(farsightedness)

Term
photo-pupillary reflexes
Definition
reflex constriction of pupils when they are exposed to bright light
Term
cataract
Definition
clouding of the lens, resulting in loss of sight
Term
myopia
Definition
nearsightedness
Term
astigmatism
Definition
blurred vision, resulting from unequal curvature of the lens or cornea
Term
glaucoma
Definition
condition of increasing pressure inside the eye, resulting from blocked drainage of aqueous humor
Term
convergence
Definition
medial movement of the eyes during focusing on close objects
Term
accommodation pupillary reflex
Definition
reflex contriction of the pupils when viewing close objects
Term
night blindness
Definition
inability to see well in the dark, often a result of vitamin A deficiency
Term
ciliary zonule
Definition
attaches the lens to the ciliary body
Term
aqueous humor
Definition
fluid in the anterior segment that provides nutrients to the lens and cornea
Term
sclera
Definition
the "white" of the eye
Term
optic disk
Definition
area of retina that lacks photoreceptors
Term
ciliary body
Definition
contains muscle that controls the shape of the lens
Term
choroid
Definition
nutritive (vascular) layer of the eye
Term
canals of schlemm
Definition
drains the aqueous humor of the eye
Term
retina
Definition
layer containing the rods and cones
Term
vitreous humor
Definition
gel-like substance that helps to reinforce the eyeball
Term
iris
Definition
smooth muscle structures
Term
fovea centralis
Definition
area of acute or discriminatory vision
Term
cornea
Definition

refractory media of the eye

&

most anterior part of the sclera- your "window on the world"

Term
lens
Definition
refractory media of the eye
Term
Structures composing Outer Ear
Definition
Pinna, Vestibule, Tympanic Membrane
Term
Structures composing the bony or osseous labyrinth
Definition
Cochlea, Vestibule, Stirrup (stapes)
Term
the ossicles
Definition
anvil (incus), hammer (malleus), stirrup (stapes)
Term
structures not involved in hearing
Definition
Vestibule, Semicircular Canals
Term

pharyngotympanic tube

Definition
allows pressure in middle ear to be equalized with the atmospheric pressure
Term
Tympanic Membrane
Definition
vibrates as sound waves hit it; transmits the vibrations to the ossicles
Term
Cochlea
Definition
contains the organ of Corti
Term
contains receptors for the sense of equilibrium
Definition
vestibule, semicircular canals
Term
oval window
Definition
transmits the vibrations from the stirrup to the fluid in the inner ear
Term
perilymph
Definition
fluid that bathes the sensory receptors of the inner ear
Term
endolymph
Definition
fluid contained within the osseous labyrinth, which bathes the membranous labyrinth
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