Term
| The Cardiovascular System |
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Definition
| -central to all body systems -delivery system for all of the major organ systems internally to go to the cells of the body -to deliver nutrients to the cells and get rid of waste products from the cells and leaves the animal’s body |
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Term
| Aerobic Cellular Respiration Formula |
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Definition
| -going on in every cell of the body -Glucose burns with oxygen to produce ATP plus water plus Carbon Dioxide Or Glucose + oxygen = ATP + water + Carbon Dioxide -happens in the mitochondria |
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Term
| Why do we need Aerobic Cellular Respiration? |
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Definition
| Therefore, the cell can do its specified activity |
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Term
| What Is It? Pump What is pumped? |
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Definition
| – the heart – blood vessels § Blood cells § Nutrients § O2, CO2, H2O § Waste molecules § Hormones, antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| § Largest of the 3 circulations § Function: · Delivers oxygenated blood to all of the cells of the animal’s body · Oxygenated blood will appear in pictures as the color red · Once it delivers oxygenated blood to the cells it returns deoxygenated blood to the heart |
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Definition
| § Goes to the lungs from the heart § Function: · Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygenated and returns oxygenated blood to the heart · Second largest circulation |
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Definition
| § Supplies the heart muscle with blood § Brings oxygenated blood to the heart muscle and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart |
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Definition
| o Point of the heart o Facing to the left o The apex is the left ventricle (the largest of the 4 chambers of the heart) (mammals and birds have 4 chambers of the heart) |
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Definition
| o Right border of the heart o Directly opposite the Apex |
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Term
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Definition
| -skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| Pericardium § Visceral § Parietal |
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Definition
| o A sac that surrounds the heart o Serous membrane o “The basket” § Visceral · Serous membrane that hugs the heart · Then it folds on itself to be the parietal pericardium § Parietal · Away from the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| o The Pericardial sac is in between the visceral and parietal pericardium o Inside the sac is fluid called pericardial fluid and it bathes the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| § Outer most layer § Very thin outer layer § Actually the visceral pericardium |
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Term
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Definition
| § Middle layer § Cardiac muscle layer § The thickest of the 3 layers § The work horse of the heart § The contractions of the heart beat come from § Function: · Pump blood |
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Definition
| § Inner layer § Thin § Where the valves originate from |
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Definition
| separated by the septum -blood never mixes in a healthy normal heart of the already born animal -In the fetal animal, the blood does mix |
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Definition
| o Smaller; blood pressure? (lower pressure because the blood doesn’t have to go as far) o Deoxygenated blood to lungs to get oxygen o Less myocardium than the left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| o Larger; blood pressure? (is the highest because it is doing a lot more work, pumping a lot more blood further in the animal’s body) o Oxygenated blood to body o Myocardium is significantly thicker than the right ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| o Right & Left Atria o Small (temporary) storage spaces for blood o Veins from the body bring blood to the atria |
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Definition
| § Deoxygenated blood from the body, temporarily stores it until it goes into the right ventricle |
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Definition
| § Oxygenated blood from the lungs, temporarily stores it until it goes into the left ventricle |
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Definition
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Definition
| o In between the Atria & Ventricles |
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Term
· Valves
o Atrioventricular valves (A-V valves)
o Semilunar Valves |
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Definition
| o Atrioventricular valves (A-V valves) § Valves found between the Atria & Ventricles § Right AV Valve (Tricuspid)= right atria and ventricle § Left AV Valve (Mitral Valve) = left atria and ventricle o Semilunar Valves § Valves found between the ventricles and large arteries § Valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery = Pulmonic Semilunar valve (deoxygenated blood) § Valve between the left ventricle and the aorta = Aortic Semilunar Valve |
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Term
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Definition
| § Attach the AV valves to the papillary muscles, Endocardium § Allows the AV valves to open and close |
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Term
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Definition
| o Right (tricuspid) o Left (mitral) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| · Vena Cava o Posterior o Anterior · Aorta, aortic arch · Coronary vessels · Auricles |
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Term
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Definition
| · Arteries o All carry oxygenated blood, except · Arterioles · Veins o All carry deoxygenated blood, except · Venules · Capillaries |
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Definition
| -a tubular structure splits into two |
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Definition
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Term
Mechanical Physiology
o Heart sounds § Echocardiogram |
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Definition
| o Heart sounds § Auscultation (Stethoscope) § Pulse § Echocardiogram · An Echocardiogram is an ultrasound study used to evaluate the overall pumping function (ejection fraction) and valvular function of the heart. |
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Term
Electrical Physiology
o How does the heart muscle contract? |
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Definition
| § Cardiopet (Telemedicine) |
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Term
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Definition
| -every heartbeat has two heart sounds -when valves close, heart sounds are made |
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Term
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Definition
| o Due to the closing of the AV valves (Systole-ventricles contract pushing blood into the arteries) o When the AV valves close is when the heart contracts to pump blood into the arteries o When AV valves close, the Semilunar valves are opening (no noise heard) |
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Definition
| o The Semilunar valves close and the AV valves open (the ventricles fill with blood = Diastole) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| · The AV valves are not closing simultaneously. A normal variation in large breed dogs |
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Term
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Definition
| · Interruption of blood flow through the heart · Most, not all, are caused by valvular problems |
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Term
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Definition
| o Young puppy murmur present at birth (PDA) § There is a connection (opening) between the aorta and pulmonary artery in an unborn puppy. Once the puppy is born, it closes normal. Normal part of fetal circulation. If it stays open, the puppy will have a machinery murmur. Can be surgically corrected |
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Term
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Definition
| o Mitral insufficiency § The mitral valve gets leaky later in some animal’s life. § Makes a gooshing noise during systole |
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Term
| Common in Anesthetized dogs |
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Definition
| -Sinus Arrhythmia -during inhaling, the heartbeat speeds up -during exhaling, the heartbeat slows down |
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Term
| Where to listen to heart sounds |
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Definition
| o Left 5th intercostals space ventrally (heart is resting on sternum) – left side o Location of mitral valve sounds o Right 5th intercostal space ventrally – right side o Location of the tricuspid valve sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| o Extension of heartbeat in the arteries o If the animal’s heart is healthy, the pulse should equal the heart rate |
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Term
Ausculting the Heart
· Auscultation |
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Definition
| -Listening to the heart with a stethoscope o The use of the stethoscope |
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