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Chapter 7 - Axial Skeleton
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37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
09/30/2013

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Cards

Term

 

 

 

The axial skelton is composed of:

Definition

 

- the skull

 

- the vetrebal column

 

- the thoracic cage

Term

 

 

 

The appendicular skeleton consists of:

Definition

 

 

- upper and lower limbs

 

- the bones that hold the limbs to the trunk of the body

Term

 

 

 

What does the cranial bones form?

Definition

 

 

forms the rounded cranium, which completely surrounds and encloses the brain

Term

 

 

 

What does facial bones form?

Definition

 

 

 

the bones of the face

Term

 

 

Facial bones also...

Definition

 

 

- protect the entrances to the digestive and respiratory stystems

 

- provide attachment sites for facial muscles

Term

 

 

 

What is the largest cavity in the skull and what are its functions?

 

Definition

 

- Cranial cavity

 

- Functions = encloses, cusions and supports the brain

 

"houses the brain"

Term

 

 

 

List the smaller cavities in the skull

Definition

 

- orbits (eyes)

 

- oral cavity (mouth)

 

- nasal cavity

 

- paranasal sinuses

Term

 

 

Numerous bone markings

Definition

 

- canals

 

-fissures

 

- foramina (passageways for blood vessels and nerves

Term

 

 

 

Sutures

Definition

 

 

-immovable fibrous joints that form the boundaries b/t the cranial bones

 

- allows the skull to grow/expand

 

-sutures fuse in adulthood

Term

 

 

4 types of sutures

Definition

 

- coronal

 

- lamboid

 

-saggital

 

- squamosal

Term

 

 

 

sutural bones

Definition

 

 

represent independent bone ossfication

Term

 

 

 

Sinuses

Definition

 

 

- have a mucuos lining that helps to humidifiy and warm inhaled air

Term

 

 

What causes the skull bones to be lighter and provides resonance tot he voice?

 

 

Definition

 

 

Sinuses

Term

 

 

 

Fontanels

Definition

 

 - "soft spots" on babys head

 

- close by 15 months of age

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Hyoid Bone

Definition

 

 

- slender curved bone located inferior to the skull b/t the mandible and the larynx

 

- does not articulate w/ any other bone in the skeleton

 

- serves as sites for attachment  for tongue and larynx muscles and ligaments

Term

 

 

How many bones composes the vertebral column?

Definition

 

 

26

Term

 

 

How many individual vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?

Definition

`

 

 

24 individual vertebrae

Term

 

 

 

What two bones are fused vertebrae?

 

 

Definition

 

 

sacrum and coccyx

Term

 

 

 

Functions of the vertebral column

 

 

Definition

 

- providing the vertical support for the body

 

- supporting the weight of the head

 

- houses and protects the delicate spinal cord

 

- provides a passageway for spinal nevers connecting  to the spinal chord

Term

 

 

 

Three Main Spinal Curvature Deformities

Definition

 

- kyphosis

 

- lordosis

 

- scoliosis

Term

 

 

 

Kyphosis

Definition

 

an exaggerated thoracic curvature that is directed posteriorly

 

"hunchback"

Term

 

 

 

 

Lordosis

Definition

 

 

an exaggerated lumbar curvature that is observed as a protrusion of the abdomen and buttocks

 

"swayback"

Term

 

 

 

 

Scoliosis

Definition

 

an abnormal lateral curvature that sometimes results during development when both the vertebral arch and body fail to form on one side of a verebrae

Term

 

 

 

What is the most common spinal curvature deformity?

Definition

 

 

Scoliosis

Term

 

 

All vertebrae share common structural features:

Definition

- Body = weight bearing portion

 

-Vertebral Arch

-

Pedicles/Laminae

 

-Spinous process

 

- Transverse processes

 

-Articular processes

 

-Intervertebral discs

Term

 

 

 

Vertebral Arch

Definition

 

 

- posterior to the body

 

- when stacked together the forament form the verebral canal which houses the spinal chord

Term

 

 

 

 

Pedicles/ Laminae

Definition

 

 

 

 

forms the verebral arch

Term

 

 

 

 

Spinous process

Definition

 

 

 

projects posteriorly from the left/right laminae

Term

 

 

 

 

Transverse processes

Definition

 

 

lateral projections from both sides of the vertebral arch

Term

 

 

 

 

Articular processes

Definition

 

 

inferior articular processes articulates w/ the superior articular process of the verebrae immediately below

Term

 

 

 

 

Intervertebral discs

Definition

 

 

-annulus fibrosis - fibrocartilage outer ring

 

- nucleus pulposis - inner circular region w/ a high water content giving a gelatinous consistency

 

- allows a person to bend

Term

 

 

 

Thoracic Cage

Definition

 

 

 

 

consists of the thoracic verebrate (posteriorly)

 

- ribs (laterally)

 

- sternum (anteriorly)

Term

 

 

 

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

Definition

 

 

 

acts as a protective cage around vital organs, such as the lungs, heart, trachea and esophagus

Term

 

 

 

True Ribs

Definition

 

- Ribs 1-7

 

- connect indiviudally to the sternum by seperate cartilagionous extensions called costal cartilages

Term

 

 

 

False Ribs

Definition

 

- Ribs 8-12

 

- costal carilages do not attach directly to the sternum

Term

 

 

 

 

Floating Ribs

Definition

 

- last two pairts of false ribs (11 and 12)

 

- no connection w/ the sternum

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