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Chapter 7
earth and it's terresrial worlds
21
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/11/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

earth cross section

Definition

Core:  highest –density material consisting primarily of metals like nickel and iron. Center core.

Mantle: Rocky material with varied density. Contains silicon, oxygen, etc. Surrounds the core.

Crust: lowest density rock like granite and volcanic rock. Represses earth’s outer skin.

Term

 

 

 

lithosphere

Definition

Rigid and cool rock that  floats on softer, warmer rocks beneath it. Covers crust and part of upper mantle. Uppermost layer.

Term

 

 

 

differentiation

Definition

 

Process by which gravity separates materials by density. Oil/water: oil more dense , so it sits on top. Planets are hot at core. Heat is dense, makes solid ground when mixed with rock. Amount of heat at core depends on size of planet. Large planets stay warm longer.

 

Term

 

 

Convection

Definition

 

The process by which hot material expands and rises while cooler material contracts and drops off of mantle. Mantle made of rock and convection is slow.  Size, again is a factor. Thick lithosphere  cancels out rock movement.

 

Term

 

 

 

Magnetic field

Definition

 

 

 

approximately a magnetic dipole with one pole near the north and the other near the geographic south pole. Magnetic fields extend infinitely, though they are weaker further from their source. The Earth's magnetic field, which effectively extends several tens of thousands of kilometers into space, is called the magnetosphere. Magnetic field—generated by convection

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

magnetosphere

Definition

 

Protective bubble that surrounds our planet and deflects charged particles before they reach earth.

 

Term

 

 

 

Aurora

Definition

 

 

 

are natural light displays in the sky, usually observed at night, particularly in the polar regions. They typically occur in the ionosphere. only visible in the sky from the Northern Hemisphere, the chance of visibility increasing with proximity to the north magnetic pole, which is currently in the arctic islands of northern Canada. Aurora seen near the magnetic pole may be high overhead

 

 

 

Term

 

 

P waves

Definition

 

can travel through gases (such as sounds), elastic solids and liquids, including the Earth. They can be produced by earthquakes and recorded by seismometers. The name P-wave stands for primary wave, as the P-wave is the fastest among the elastic waves, compared to the S waves.

 

Term

 

 

 

S wave

Definition

 

one of the two main types of elastic body waves, because they move through the body of an object. The S-wave move as a shear or transverse wave, so motion is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation: S-waves, like waves in a rope, as opposed to waves moving through a slinky. The wave moves through elastic media, and the main restoring force comes from shear effects

 

Term

 

 

 

Impact Cratering

Definition
When asteroid or comet slams into hard surface and create crater
Term

 

 

 

Volcanism

Definition

Eruption of, molten rock or lava from planet's interior onto it’s surface.

Term

 

 

 

tectonics

Definition

Disruption of a planet’s suffice by internal stresses,

Term

 

 

 

Erosion

Definition

 

 

Wearing down or building up of geological features by wind, water, and ice.

 

 

Term

 

 

 

Ozone

Definition

 

Resides in stratosphere where it absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

 

Term
The greenhouse effect
Definition
Keeps earth’s surfaces  much warmer than it would be otherwhise
Term
Greenhouse gasses
Definition

Carbon Dioxide, methane, water

Good at absorbing infrared light.

Term

 

 

 

Moon

Definition

Size-1/4 size of earth

Maria—dark old impacts --mascons

Highlands—oldest white crust

Term

 

 

 

Mercury

Definition

Size-1/3 earth

Rotation-59days

Revolution-88days

Temperature-900F

Caloris Basin—largest impact in solar system

Scarp-cliffs formed by mercury shrinking

Term

 

 

 

Mars

Definition

Size-1/2 earth

Rotation-24h 30min

Revolution-23 months(2 years)

Atmosphere-1% earth carbon dioxide

Channels—once flowing rivers

Permafrost –at poles and maybe over planet water frozen

Term

 

 

 

Venus

Definition

 Size-same as earth

Rotation-243 days backward

Revolution-225 days

Temperature-900F-by greenhouse effect

Atmosphere-90 times thicker than earth and 96% carbon dioxide

Clouds-thick and sulfuric acid

 

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