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Chapter 7
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology; 10th edition by Marieb
29
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
07/09/2015

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Term
Central Nervous System
Definition
Brain and Spinal cord; interpret incoming sensory information and issue instructions
Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
Nerves that extend from brain and spinal cord; communication lines that connect CNS with rest of body
Term
Sensory/Afferent Division
Definition
Nerves that convey impulses to the CNS from sensory receptors
Term
Motor/Efferent Division
Definition
Nerves that convey impulses from the CNS to effector organs
Term
Somatic Nervous System
Definition
Allows conscious control of skeletal muscles; reflexes
Term
Autonomic Nervous System
Definition
Regulates involuntary activity (cardiac and smooth muscles)
Term
Astrocytes
Definition
Provide a brace/anchor between neurons and capillaries; help exchanges between them
Term
Microglia
Definition
Phagocytes; dispose of debris and bacteria
Term
Ependymal Cells
Definition
Line the central cavities of the CNS; circulate the cerebrospinal fluid/cushions brain and spinal cord
Term
Oligodendrocytes
Definition
Form the myelin sheaths in CNS nerves
Term
Schwann Cells
Definition
Form the myelin sheaths in PNS nerves
Term
Satellite Cells
Definition
Protective glial cells found in the PNS
Term
Neurons
Definition
Transmit nerve impulses from one part of the body to another
Term
Cell body
Definition
Metabolic center, no centrioles; high levels of Nissl bodies (rough ER) and neurofibrils
Term
Dendrites
Definition
Convey incoming messages toward the cell body; multiple
Term
Axons
Definition
Convey messages away from the cell body; single
Term
Axon terminals
Definition
Branching ends of axons; release neurotransmitters
Term
Synaptic Cleft/Synapse
Definition
Gap between two neurons, where neurotransmitters released
Junction as whole called Synapse
Term
Nodes of Ranvier
Definition
Gaps between Schwann cells/myelin sheath covering
Term
Nerves vs. Tracts
Definition
Nerves-PNS
Tracts-CNS
Term
Interneurons
Definition
Connect sensory and motor neurons
Term
Reflexes
Definition
Rapid, predictable, involuntary responses
Term
Gyri
Definition
Elevated ridges of brain tissue
Term
Sulci
Definition
Shallow grooves in brain tissue
Term
Thalamus
Definition
relay station for sensory impulses
Term
Basal Nuclei/Ganglia
Definition
Collection of cell bodies; regulate movements (Stopping and starting)
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Regulation of temperature, water balance, metabolism; limbic system
Term
Brain Stem
Definition
Controls behaviors necessary for survival
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
Balance and equilibrium
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