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Chapter 7
Information Processing and Motor Control
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/18/2012

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Term
divided attention
Definition
this term refers to concentration on more than one activity at the same time; in essence, dividing your attention
Term
selective attention
Definition

the processing of relevant information and nonprocessing of irrelevent information

("cocktail party phenomenon")

Term
Recognition memory
Definition
involves noticing whether a stimulus is identical or similar to one previously experienced
Term
recall memory
Definition
the more advanced form of memory, involves remembering a stimulus that is not present
Term
working memory
Definition
the concept of short term memory as a place for mental work - that is, a workbench that allows individuals to manipulate and assemble information; serves as a processing center to transfer info to long term memory
Term
chunking
Definition
grouping items in some way to make larger collections
Term
rehearsal
Definition
repeating information one is trying to obtain
Term
long term memory
Definition
long term storage that can be held on a more permanent basis
Term
habituation
Definition
a stimulus is presented to an infant and its responsiveness is monitored. If the stimulus is repeated, reaction declines (reduced attention) and habituation is said to have occured
Term
dishabituation
Definition
the renewed responsiveness to a new stimulus can be viewed as evidence for recognition memory
Term
contextual learning
Definition
a recollection prompted by a cue associated with the setting (context) in which the recalled memory originally occcured
Term
retrieval
Definition
finding information located in long term storage; requires the ability to both search the memory and decide the appropriate information has been retrieved
Term
processing speed
Definition
the rate of speed at which information is processed
Term
Reaction time
Definition
the basic measure of processing speed, it refers to the interval of time betweeen the onset of a stimulus and the initiation of a motor response
Term
Simple reaction time
Definition
when the individual is being tested and is asked to respond to only one stimulus
Term
choice reaction time
Definition
tasks are more comples and incolce a greater information load because more than one signal requires discrimination in a more unpredictable setting
Term
Hick's Law
Definition
reaction time increased linearly as information load increases
Term
movement time
Definition
the time required to complete a motor behavior
Term
response time
Definition
movement time combined with the reaction time
Term
Fitt's Law
Definition

AKA: speed-accuracy trade-off

 

which means that when performers attempt to do something more quickly, they typically do it less accurately

Term
programming
Definition
is cognitive processing that results in the formulation of a though, cognitive expression, or motor program
Term
motor program
Definition
a memory representation of a class of actions responsible for producing a unique patter of motor activity if the program is executed
Term

schema theory

(generalized motor program)

Definition

offers an explanation of the way individuals learn and perform a seemingly endless variety of movements; suggests that the motor programs stored in memory are not specific records of the movements to be performed but rather a set of general rules to guide performance

INDIVIDUALS STORE PAST MOVEMENT EXPERIENCES IN MEMORY

Term
movement schema
Definition
storage of movement elements and the relationship of these elements to each other
Term
coordinative structures
Definition
the grouping of muscles with associated joints controlled by motor programs
Term
dynamic systems
Definition
theory that proposes that qualitative changes in motor behavior emerge out of the naturally occuring dynamic properties of the motor system and coordinative structures
Term
rate controller
Definition
organizes the systems or systems needed to execute the task
Term
phase shift
Definition
transition from old movement patterns to new ones
Term
neuronal group selection
Definition
the emergence of coordinated movement is tied closely to the growth of the musculoskeletal system and development of the brain
Term
developmental cognitive neuroscience
Definition
a rapidly growing field that examines the relationships between the developing brain and cognitive ability
Term
Newell's (constraint) Model
Definition
 offers an excellent framework for the study of lifelong motor development; combines both the biological and ecological systems perspectives. This is applied by describing the constraints to behavior in reference to the individual, to the task to be performed, and to the environment in which it is to be executed
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