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Chapter 7
bones; axial skeleton
26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/01/2011

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Term
4 aspects of the Axial Skeleton
Definition
1. Skull Bones
2. Vertebral Column
3. Ribs
4. Sternum
Term
2 aspects of the Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
1. Upper Limbs
2. Lower Limbs
Term
The Skeleton consists of 4 things
Definition
bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments
Term
the skeleton is composed of ___ named bones grouped into two divisions
Axial skeleton (__ bones)
Appendicular skeleton (__ bones)
Definition
the skeleton is composed of 206 named bones grouped into two divisions
Axial skeleton (80 bones)
Appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
Term
The Axial Skeleton consists of:
Definition
skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax
Term
three types of bone markings
Definition
1. Projections that provide attachment for muscles and ligaments
2. Projections that help form joints
3. Depressions and openings for passage of nerves and blood vessels
Term
Projections that are the sites of muscle and ligament attachment: 7 types
Definition
1. Tuberosity; large rounded projection
2. Crest; narrow ridge of bone
Trochanter; very large blunt, irregularly shaped process (only on femur)
3. Line; narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than crest
4. Tubercle; small rounded projection or process
5. Epicondyle; raised area on or above a condyle
6. Spine; sharp, slender, often pointed projection
7. Process; any bone prominence
Term
3 Projections that help to form joints
Definition
1. Head; bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
2. Facet; smooth, nearly flat articular surface
3. Condyle; rounded articular projection
Term
Bone Markings:
Depressions and openings allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass--6 types
Definition
1. Meatus; canal-like passageway
2. Sinus; cavity within a bone filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
3. Fossa; shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
4. Groove; furrow
5. Foramen; round or oval opening through a bone
6. Notch; indentation at the edge of a structure
Term
The Skull:
Formed by ____ and ____ bones
Definition
The Skull
Formed by cranial and facial bones
Term
Cranium serves to: (2)
Definition
1. Enclose brain
2. Provide attachment sites for some head and neck muscles
Term
Facial bones serve to: (5)
Definition
1. Form framework of the face
2. Form cavities for the sense organs of sight, taste, and smell
3. Provide openings for the passage of air and food
4. Hold the teeth
5. Anchor muscles of the face
Term
Overview of Skull Geography
__ bones in your head--__ in your face, __ in your cranium, __ inside your ears, and __ at the top of your throat.
Definition
Overview of Skull Geography
29 bones in your head--14 in your face, 8 in your cranium, 6 inside your ears, and 1 at the top of your throat.
Term
Facial bones form ___ aspect
Definition
anterior
Term
Cranium is divided into ____ and the ____.
Definition
Cranium is divided into cranial vault and the base.
Term
Internally, prominent bony ridges divide skull into distinct _____.
Definition
Internally, prominent bony ridges divide skull into distinct fossae
Term
The skull contains smaller cavities: name 4
Definition
1. Middle and inner ear cavities – in lateral aspect of cranial base
2. Nasal cavity – lies in and posterior to the nose
3. Orbits – house the eyeballs
4. Air-filled sinuses – occur in several bones around the nasal cavity
Term
The skull contains approximately 85 named openings. Name the 3 types of openings and the structures they allow to pass through them.
Definition
1. Foramina, canals, and fissures
2. Provide openings for important structures
*Spinal cord
*Blood vessels serving the brain
*12 pairs of cranial nerves
Term
Cranial Bones: Formed from eight large bones
Paired bones include (2)
Unpaired bones include (4)
Definition
1. Paired bones include
*Temporal bones
*Parietal bones
2. Unpaired bones include
*Frontal bone
*Occipital bone
*Sphenoid bone
*Ethmoid bone
Term
Sutures:
Four sutures of the cranium
Definition
1. Coronal suture – runs in the coronal plane --Located where parietal bones meet the frontal bone
2. Squamous suture – occurs where each parietal bone meets a temporal bone inferiorly
3. Sagittal suture – occurs where right and left parietal bones meet superiorly
4. Lambdoid suture – occurs where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly
Term
Sutural Bones

1. ____ bones that occur within sutures
2. _____ in shape, size, and location
3. ____ people have sutural bones
Definition
1. Small bones that occur within sutures
2. Irregular in shape, size, and location
3. Not all people have sutural bones
Term
Occipital Bone:
Forms the _____ portion of the cranium and cranial ____.
Articulates with the _____ bones and ____ bones
Forms the posterior cranial ____
Foramen ____ located at its base
Definition
Occipital Bone
Forms the posterior portion of the cranium and cranial base
Articulates with the temporal bones and parietal bones
Forms the posterior cranial fossa
Foramen magnum located at its base
Term
Frontal Bones
1. Forms the ____ and roofs of the ____
2. Forms ____ arches
3. Internally, it contributes to the ___ cranial fossa
4. Contains ____ sinuses
Definition
Frontal Bones
1. Forms the forehead and roofs of the orbits
2. Forms superciliary arches
3. Internally, it contributes to the anterior cranial fossa
4. Contains frontal sinuses
Term
Occipital Bone
Features and structures
Definition
1. Occipital condyles
2. Hypoglossal foramen
3. External occipital protuberance
4. Superior nuchal lines
5. Inferior nuchal lines
Term
Temporal Bones:
Lie _____ to parietal bones
Form the _____ portion of the skull
Term “temporal” comes from Latin word for ___
4 regions
Definition
Lie inferior to parietal bones
Form the inferolateral portion of the skull
Term “temporal” comes from Latin word for time
Specific regions of temporal bone
Squamous (by parietal), tympanic (ear), petrous (cranial base), and mastoid regions (just poserior to the ear)
Term
The Hyoid Bone
1. Lies inferior to the _____
2. The only bone with __________ with any other bone
3. Acts as a ______ for the tongue
Definition
The Hyoid Bone
1. Lies inferior to the mandible
2. The only bone with no direct articulation with any other bone
3. Acts as a movable base for the tongue
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